分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Carangiformes (Jacks)
鱸形目 (Jacks) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Trachinotinae
Etymology: Trachinotus: Greek, trachys, -eia, -ys = rough + Greek,noton = back (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 0 - 36 m (Ref. 3277), usually 0 - 30 m (Ref. 55175). 亞熱帶的; 42°N - 25°S, 100°W - 30°W (Ref. 55175)
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA to southeastern Brazil, including Bahamas and many of the West Indies (Ref. 7251). Reports from Africa are based on misidentifications, mostly referring to T. teraia (Ref. 81654).
西大西洋: 對巴西東南方的美國麻薩諸塞州, 包括巴哈馬與大部份西印度群島。 也在百慕達群島，墨西哥灣.(參考文獻 26938)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 54.7, range 48 - ? cm
Max length : 122 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 94.0 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3277); 最大体重: 36.0 kg (Ref. 5217); 最大年龄: 23 年 (Ref. 42149)
背棘 (总数) : 6 - 7; 背的软条 (总数) : 18 - 21; 臀棘: 2 - 3; 臀鳍软条: 16 - 18. Dorsal and anal fins have very long, dark anterior lobes (Ref. 26938). No scutes; a broad patch of orange-yellow on abdomen in front of anal fin; pectoral fins blackish (Ref. 13442).
背鳍与臀鳍有非常长的, 黑的前面叶.(参考文献 26938) 没有鳞甲; 宽小区块橘黄色的在臀鳍前面中的腹部上; 胸鳍黑色的.(参考文献 13442)
Adults frequently in channels or holes, over sandy flats, around reefs, and at times over mud bottoms; usually solitary or in small schools; smaller fish tolerate brackish water. Spawn offshore (Ref. 26938). During the summer, juveniles are found in large schools especially in the surf zone along sandy beaches. Adults feed on mollusks, crabs, shrimps, and small fishes; juveniles on benthic invertebrates. Excellent food fish (Ref. 9626). Highly esteemed game fish caught on light tackle (Ref. 26938).
时常在峡道或洞的成鱼, 在沙平台之上, 礁的周围, 偶而在泥底之上; 通常独居性或形成小群鱼群; 较小的鱼容忍半淡咸水。 产卵外海。 (参考文献 26938) 在夏天期间，稚鱼在海浪区中尤其被发现于大群鱼群沿着沙滩。 成鱼吃软件动物，螃蟹，虾与小鱼; 稚鱼在底栖的无脊椎动物上。 优良的食用鱼.(参考文献 9626) 深受喜爱的游钓鱼类在轻型渔具上面捕获了。 (参考文献 26938)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 對巴西東南方的美國麻薩諸塞州, 包括巴哈馬與大部份西印度群島。 也在百慕達群島，墨西哥灣.(參考文獻 26938)
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.2 - 28, mean 26.1 °C (based on 624 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02754 (0.01646 - 0.04607), b=2.85 (2.71 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=3; tmax=23).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 23.2 [8.6, 45.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.618 [0.318, 1.376] mg/100g; Protein = 20.7 [18.6, 22.7] %; Omega3 = 0.167 [0.087, 0.331] g/100g; Selenium = 19 [8, 47] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.6 [2.6, 53.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.494 [0.296, 0.798] mg/100g (wet weight);
