分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Scombriformes (Mackerels) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Gasterochismatinae
Etymology: Gasterochisma: Greek, gaster = stomach + Greek, chiasma = marked with the sign of "X" (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Richardson.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 200 - ? m (Ref. 9563). 亞熱帶的; 8°C - 15°C (Ref. 168); 19°S - 55°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 168)
Circumglobal in southern temperate waters.
環球分佈於南方的溫帶水域。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 164 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 168)
简单描述
检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图
背棘 (总数) : 17 - 18; 背的软条 (总数) : 9 - 12; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 11 - 13; 脊椎骨: 44. Pelvic fins enormous in juveniles, longer than head length. Pelvic fins fitting into a deep ventral groove at all sizes. Interpelvic process tiny and bifid. No anterior corselet. Swim bladder present with two anterior projections that extend into the back of the skull. The morphological adaptations required for maintaining high brain and retinal temperatures are discussed in Ref. 11221.
腹鳍巨大的在稚鱼, 长度超过头长中。 腹鳍嵌入一个深的腹凹槽大小不一。 腹鳍间的突起极小而两裂的。 没有前面的甲胄。 有泳鳔有两个进入头盖骨的背部之内延伸的前面的突出。 形态学的适应必需的为维持高脑与网膜的温度参考文献 11221 被讨论.
Occurs in deep oceanic waters (Ref. 9563), most abundant in waters of 8° to 10°C. Stomach contents of the specimen from north of the Hawaiian Archipelago include onychoteuthids, ommastrephid squid, vertebrae and fin rays from an unidentified fish, bird feathers and parasitic nematodes (Ref. 11006). Taken as longline by-catch by Japanese fishing for Thunnus maccoyii.
出现于深的大洋性水域 (参考文献 9563) ， 10个 ° C. 的 8个 ° 的最丰富在水域 来自夏威夷列岛北方的标本的胃内含物包括来自一个未确认的鱼, 鸟羽毛与寄生的线虫类的 onychoteuthids ， ommastrephid 乌贼，脊椎骨与鳍条。 (参考文献 11006) 对于 蓝鳍金枪鱼［Thunnus maccoyii］ 作为了日本钓鱼的延绳钓误捕。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
環球分佈於南方的溫帶水域。
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 10.2 - 15.9, mean 11.7 °C (based on 22 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00514 - 0.02450), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.57 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 28.4 [15.9, 50.2] mg/100g; Iron = 1.3 [0.8, 2.2] mg/100g; Protein = 22.7 [20.5, 24.6] %; Omega3 = 0.397 [0.256, 0.622] g/100g; Selenium = 35.7 [20.8, 64.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.5 [4.4, 31.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.443 [0.319, 0.627] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
