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Teleostei (teleosts) > Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Cynoglossidae (Tonguefishes) > Symphurinae
Etymology: Symphurus: Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; bathydemersal; depth range 430 - 640 m (Ref. 4418). Deep-water

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Western Indian Ocean: known only from Mozambique to Durban, South Africa.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 12.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4418)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 95 - 102; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 80 - 90. Upper side uniformly brownish; black spot covering posterior part of dorsal and anal fins (Ref. 4418).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Heemstra, P.C., 1986. Cynoglossidae. p. 865-868. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4418)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Data deficient (DD) ; Date assessed: 21 October 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

More information

Trophic ecology
Food items
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
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Predators

Ecology
Ecology

Population dynamics
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Length-frequencies
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Life cycle
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Egg(s)
Egg developments
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Distribution
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Anatomy
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Brains
Otoliths

Physiology
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Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
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Visual pigment(s)
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Stamps, coins, misc.

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 2.2 - 11.3, mean 8.9 °C (based on 23 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01445 (0.00647 - 0.03228), b=3.05 (2.85 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.3 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Resilience (Ref. 120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).

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