Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal; depth range 0 - 6 m (Ref. 96339). Subtropical; 38°N - 27°N, 123°W - 114°W
Eastern Pacific: Tomales Bay in northern California, USA to northern central Baja California, Mexico.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 18.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2850)
Adults usually occur in shallow rocky areas; in tide pools and at depths up to 6.1 m. Feed on algae and small invertebrates (Ref. 2850). Viviparous, female carries the developing young (Ref. 205).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Viviparous, female carries the developing young (Ref. 205).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 12.9 - 17.8, mean 15.9 °C (based on 35 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01318 (0.00559 - 0.03107), b=3.05 (2.84 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 2.7 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 164 [86, 345] mg/100g; Iron = 1.32 [0.81, 2.35] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.7, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.284 [0.163, 0.494] g/100g; Selenium = 12.4 [6.5, 26.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 19.8 [6.4, 61.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.27 [0.88, 1.84] mg/100g (wet weight);