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> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology:

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range पारिस्थितिकी

समुद्री ड़िमरसल; गहराई सीमा 90 - 220 m (Ref. 5222). Subtropical; 37°N - 16°S, 19°W - 37°E (Ref. 5222)

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Eastern Atlantic: Mediterranean to southern Angola.

आकार / वज़न / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 125 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 111103); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 25.0 kg (Ref. 5222)

Short description पहचान कुंजी | आकृति विज्ञान | मौरफोमैटरिक्स

पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 11; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 14 - 15; गुदा कांटा: 3; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 9. Distinguished by the following characteristics: dark brown head and body color; soft dorsal, caudal and anal fins blackish distally, basal part lighter; white edge on caudal and pectoral fins; blackish pelvic fins; black streak on cheek at the upper edge of maxilla; depth of body contained 2.4-2.8 times in SL; head length 2.2-2.4 times in SL; convex interorbital area; subangular preopercle, with enlarged serrae at the angle, lower edge with 1-6 small serrae; posterior nostrils 2-3 times larger than anterior nostrils; maxilla naked, not reaching posterior to eye; 2 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw, inner teeth distinctly larger than outer teeth (Ref. 89707).

Deep-water species. Occurs on mud, sand, or rocky bottoms (Ref. 89707).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | पुनरुत्पत्ति | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | लार्वा

Main reference Upload your references | संदर्भ | संयोजक | सहयोगीयो

Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 17 November 2016

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

मात्स्यिकी: लघु वाणिज्य

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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इंटरनेट स्रोत

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 14.2 - 17.1, mean 15.6 °C (based on 37 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00653 - 0.02018), b=3.05 (2.91 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.0 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

लौटाव (Ref. 120179): बहुत नीचे, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी समय अवलागत 14 महीने। (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Hyporthodus haifensis (Ben-Tuvia, 1953)