Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
; Água doce bentopelágico; pH range: 7.3 - 8.0; dH range: 15 - 30. Subtropical; 5°C - 20°C (Ref. 12468); 50°N - 44°N, 7°E - 20°E
Europe: Northern Adriatic basin from Livenza to Po drainages, Lakes Maggiore, Lugano and Como (Italy, Switzerland). Introduced in Arno.
Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 59043); common length : 25.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 556); peso máx. publicado: 2.0 kg (Ref. 96829); idade máx. registrada: 9 anos (Ref. 96829)
Descrição suscinta
Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria
Distinguished from its congeners in Apennine Peninsula by having the following unique characters: peritoneum black; and breeding males with two horizontal rows of distinct and separate tubercles on side of head above eye, lower one with 8-11 tubercles, upper one with 3-6 tubercles (tubercles reddish brown in ethanol); tubercles on body and head conical, sharply pointed, pointed slightly forward, occupying about 1/3 of exposed area of scale. Can be further separated from other species of the genus in Apennine Peninsula by the combination of the following characters: 43-46 + 3 scales along lateral line; dorsal fin with 10½ branched rays; anal fin with 11½ branched rays; mouth inferior; body laterally compressed, maximum width about 50% of body depth; iris silvery; flanks golden bronze in life, marbled with darker patches; and snout conical (Ref. 59043).
Inhabits deep waters of large, subalpine lakes and large to medium sized rivers. Occurs in small groups. Feeds in invertebrates, algae and detritus. Moves to shallow parts of rivers to spawn (Ref. 59043). Threatened due to overfishing and construction of weirs, which block access to spawning sites (Ref. 59043) and the introduction of two alien species (European roach, Rutilus rutilus and European nase, Chondrostoma nasus) (Ref. 96829). Sexual maturity is attained at age 3+ or 4+ in males and 5+ in females at about 28-33 cm SL. Spawning occurs in April and May (Ref. 96829). Reaches a maximum size of about 45 cm SL (Ref. 59043).
Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento
Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas
Each female lays 35,000-60,000 eggs depending on size (Ref. 6111).
Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)
Ameaça para os humanos
Harmless
Uso pelos humanos
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Baixar XML
Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00358 - 0.01465), b=3.14 (2.98 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.38 se; based on food items.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Muito baixo(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população maior que 14 anos (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
