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Sillaginopsis panijus (Hamilton, 1822)

Flathead sillago
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Sillaginopsis panijus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Sillaginopsis panijus (Flathead sillago)
Sillaginopsis panijus
Picture by Vidthayanon, C.

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sillaginidae (Smelt-whitings)
Etymology: Sillaginopsis: See Sillago + Greek, opsis = appearance.
More on author: Hamilton.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; freshwater; brackish; demersal; amphidromous (Ref. 51243). Tropical; 22°C - 28°C (Ref. 12468); 24°N - 0°N, 78°E - 104°E

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Western Indian Ocean: Pondicherry northward along the Coromandel coast, Ganges delta, Myanmar, southward to Malaysia and rarely to the Indonesian Archipelago.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm 12.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 44.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4833); common length : 25.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3504)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 25 - 27; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 24 - 27; Vertebrae: 42. The head is greatly depressed; the eyes are very small. Second dorsal spine very elongate.

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Found in shallow, open muddy bays and estuaries (Ref. 4833). Feed on fish, crustaceans and algae. Spawn twice a year during the months of November to February and August to September and the juveniles migrate toward the upper reaches during March and April and during December where they remain for 2 to 3 months. Sexually mature upon reaching a length of 12 cm (Ref. 6205). Oviparous (Ref. 205).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

McKay, R.J., 1992. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 14. Sillaginid fishes of the world (family Sillaginidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the sillago, smelt or Indo-Pacific whiting species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(14):87p. (Ref. 6205)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Not Evaluated 

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

Fisheries: commercial
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

More information

Trophic ecology
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References

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Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: genus, species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome, nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 27.7 - 29.3, mean 28.5 °C (based on 170 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 1.0000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00427 (0.00245 - 0.00743), b=3.09 (2.93 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  3.3   ±0.47 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref. 120179):  Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Very high.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 178 [62, 426] mg/100g; Iron = 1.58 [0.54, 3.98] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.1, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.14 [0.07, 0.25] g/100g; Selenium = 56.5 [19.9, 177.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.4 [4.5, 60.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.04 [0.57, 2.22] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.