Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; reef-associated. Subtropical
Eastern Indian Ocean: endemic to the southern coast of Australia.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 52.1 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 115957); 65.5 cm TL (female); max. reported age: 20 years (Ref. 115957)
Short description
Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics
Found in inshore areas (Ref. 7300). Benthic (Ref. 75154).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: of no interest
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.3 - 21.9, mean 17.7 °C (based on 206 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 31.8 [14.4, 110.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.567 [0.245, 1.342] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.3, 20.4] %; Omega3 = 0.224 [0.093, 0.644] g/100g; Selenium = 19 [7, 51] μg/100g; VitaminA = 73.8 [22.9, 246.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.835 [0.502, 1.389] mg/100g (wet weight);