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Teleostei (teleosts) > Perciformes/Zoarcoidei (Eelpouts and pricklebacks) > Pholidae (Gunnels) > Pholinae
Etymology: Pholis: Greek, pholis, -idos = scale (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Temminck & Schlegel.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; demersal; depth range 0 - 200 m (Ref. 43239), usually 0 - 20 m (Ref. 43239). Temperate

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Northwest Pacific: Japan and Korea (Ref. 37630).

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ?, range 15 - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 559)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 76 - 83; Dorsal soft rays (total): 0; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 35 - 42; Vertebrae: 83 - 90.

Facultative air-breathing in the genus (Ref. 126274); Found in tide pools or the intertidal zone to 20 m depth, on sandy-mud bottoms and among rocks of rocky reefs (Ref. 43239); also in eelgrass (Zostera marina) beds (Ref. 559). Sometimes to 200 m depth (Ref. 43239). Feeds on gammarids. Juveniles associate with drifting seaweed (Ref. 12114, 12115). Although rarely used for commercial food, this species is highly valued as fried fish in the spring months in Tokyo and neighboring areas (Ref. 7031).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Nakabo, T., 2002. Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, English edition II. Tokai University Press, Japan, pp 867-1749. (Ref. 43239)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 04 February 2009

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

More information

Trophic ecology
Food items
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
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Predators

Ecology
Ecology

Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
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Recruitments
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Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
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Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larvae
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Distribution
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Anatomy
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Brains
Otoliths

Physiology
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Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
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Visual pigment(s)
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Genetics
Genetics
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Stamps, coins, misc.

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Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 13.2 - 22.7, mean 18.3 °C (based on 94 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00257 (0.00157 - 0.00420), b=3.27 (3.13 - 3.41), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.2 ±0.32 se; based on food items.

Generation time: 1.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.

Resilience (Ref. 120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.7).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (22 of 100).

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