Family Pholidae - Gunnels
Order : Perciformes/Zoarcoidei Pholidae Pholidae
Class : Teleostei
No. in FishBase : Genera : 4 | Species : 15 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes
Environment : Fresh : No | Brackish : Yes | Marine : Yes
Division : Marine
Aquarium : none
First Fossil Record :      
Remark : Distribution: North Atlantic, Arctic and North Pacific. Body elongate and compressed. One dorsal fin, about two times longer than anal fin and extending from head to caudal fin. Dorsal fin with 73-100 stiff spines, anal fin with 1-3 spines in front of 32-53 soft rays; both fins reaching or confluent with base of caudal fin. Caudal fin rounded. Anal fin long, but shorter relative to body length than in pricklebacks. Pectoral fins absent in some gunnel species, minute or very small in others. Pelvic fins rudimentary, consisting of 1 spine and 1 ray; or absent, including pelvic girdle. No fleshy cirri on head or body. One pair of nostrils. Body covered with tiny, inconspicuous, mucus-covered cycloid scales. Mechanosensory canals of head opening through pores typically constant in number: nasal 2, occipital 3, interorbital 1, postorbital 6, suborbital 6, preopercular 5, and mandibular 4. Body lateral line represented by mediolateral row of superficial neuromasts, generally not discernible in preserved material. Teeth small and conical. Gill membranes broadly joined and free from the isthmus. Branchiostegal rays 5 or 6. Pyloric caeca absent. Ribs absent. Abdominal vertebrae with parapophyses united, forming hemal arches. Vertebrae 80-105. Coloration cryptic, from yellow and brown to red or green, often with spots, blotches, and bands. Attains total length of about 46 cm. Mainly inhabits rocky intertidal and shallow subtidal areas, especially among kelp and other macroalgae; often found under rocks or in tide pools in the intertidal zone. Feeds on small crustaceans and mollusks.
Etymology : Greek, pholis, -idos = scale ( Ref. 45335).
Reproductive guild : guarders
Typical activity level : normal
Main Ref. : Mecklenburg, C.W. 2003
Coordinator :
Deep Fin Classification : Osteichthyes | Actinopterygii | Actinopteri | Neopterygii | Teleostei | Osteoglossocephalai | Clupeocephala | Euteleosteomorpha | Neoteleostei | Eurypterygia | Ctenosquamata | Acanthomorphata | Acanthopterygii | Percomorphaceae | Eupercaria | | | Perciformes | Cottoidei | Zoarcales | Pholidae

Show species images | Show valid names | Nominal species list | CAS specimen photos | References

Ref.
[ e.g. 9948 ]
Glossary
[ e.g. oophagy ]


Species/Synonymy list for the family Pholidae as currently in FishBase

Important recommendation:

The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.

Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.

But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.

Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.

This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).

The list ordered as follows:

Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.

Show all | Show only accepted name | Show only accepted and original names
Scientifc name Status Senior/Junior synonym Combination
Pholinae
Pholis gunnellus (Linnaeus, 1758)
acceptedseniornew
Blennius gunnellus Linnaeus, 1758
synonymseniororiginal
Centronotus gunnellus (Linnaeus, 1758)
synonymseniornew
! Pholis gunellus (Linnaeus, 1758)
synonymseniornew
Ophidion imberbe Linnaeus, 1758
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Blennius europaeus Olafsen, 1772
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Muraenoides sujef Lacepède, 1800
synonymjuniororiginal
Ophidium fulvescens Rafinesque, 1810
synonymjuniororiginal
Ophidium mucronatum Mitchill, 1815
synonymjuniororiginal
Gunnellus vulgaris Fleming, 1828
synonymjuniororiginal
Muraenoides guttata Yarrell, 1836
ambiguousotheroriginal
Gunnellus affinis Reinhardt, 1837
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Gunnellus ingens Storer, 1850
synonymjuniororiginal
Pholis fasciata (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
acceptedseniornew
Centronotus fasciatus Bloch & Schneider, 1801
synonymseniororiginal
Pholis fasciatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
synonymseniornew
Blennius taenia Pallas, 1814
synonymjuniororiginal
Gunnellus groenlandicus Reinhardt, 1830
synonymjuniororiginal
Gunnellus muraenoides Valenciennes, 1839
ambiguousotheroriginal
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Pholis gilli Evermann & Goldsborough, 1907
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Pholis crassispina (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)
acceptedseniornew
Gunellus crassispina Temminck & Schlegel, 1845
synonymseniororiginal
Enedrias crassispina (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)
synonymseniornew
Enedrias nebulosa (non Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)
misappliedmisappliedmisapplied
Pholis nebulosa (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)
acceptedseniornew
Gunnellus nebulosus Temminck & Schlegel, 1845
synonymseniororiginal
Enedrias nebulosus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)
synonymseniornew
synonymjuniororiginal
Pholis ornata (Girard, 1854)
acceptedseniornew
Gunellus ornatus Girard, 1854
synonymseniororiginal
Pholis ornatus (Girard, 1854)
synonymseniornew
Pholis picta (Kner, 1868)
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
Pholis pictus (Kner, 1868)
synonymseniornew
Pholis laeta (Cope, 1873)
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
Allopholis laeta (Cope, 1873)
synonymseniornew
Pholis ornatus (non Girard, 1854)
misappliedmisappliednew
Pholis schultzi Schultz, 1931
acceptedseniororiginal
Allopholis schultzi (Schultz, 1931)
synonymseniornew
Pholis fangi (Wang & Wang, 1935)
acceptedseniornew
Enedrias fangi Wang & Wang, 1935
synonymseniororiginal
Pholis clemensi Rosenblatt, 1964
acceptedseniororiginal
Pholis nea Peden & Hughes, 1984
acceptedseniororiginal
Pholis ornata nea Peden & Hughes, 1984
synonymseniorchange in rank
Pholis ornata (non Girard, 1854)
misappliedmisappliednew
Apodichthyinae
acceptedseniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Apodichthys univittatus Lockington, 1881
synonymjuniororiginal
Apodichthys fucorum Jordan & Gilbert, 1880
acceptedseniororiginal
Xererpes fucorum (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)
synonymseniornew
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
Pholis dolichogaster (Pallas, 1814)
synonymseniornew
synonymseniornew
Centronotus taczanowskii Steindachner, 1881
synonymjuniororiginal
! Rhodimenichthys taczanowskii (Steindachner, 1881)
synonymjuniornew
Ulvicola sanctaerosae Gilbert & Starks, 1897
acceptedseniororiginal
Apodichthys sanctaerosae (Gilbert & Starks, 1897)
synonymseniornew
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