United States (contiguous states) country information

Common names: Rock sole, Rock sole, Southern rock sole
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: FAO, 1994
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Ranges south to San Nicholas I. (Ref. 27436) and Tanner Bank, off southern California (Ref. 2850). Locally abundant along the coasts of Washington, Oregon, and California (Ref. 37594). Also Ref. 559, 6793, 6885.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Rock sole, Fausse limande du Pacifique, Lenguado del Pacífico, ... more

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders) > Pleuronectinae
Etymology: Lepidopsetta: Greek, lepis = scale + Greek, psetta = grouper (Ref. 45335); bilineata: Specific name refers to the bifurcate supratemporal branch of the lateral line (bilineata = two-lined)..
More on author: Ayres.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; demersal; depth range 0 - 575 m (Ref. 6793), usually 0 - 183 m (Ref. 6885). Temperate; 67°N - 34°N, 124°E - 119°W (Ref. 54562)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

North Pacific: Baja California to the eastern Aleutian Islands and extreme southeastern Bering Sea.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m 34.7, range 31 - ? cm
Max length : 58.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 6885); 60.0 cm TL (female); max. published weight: 1.8 kg (Ref. 56370); max. reported age: 26 years (Ref. 55701)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 65 - 82; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 50 - 65; Vertebrae: 39 - 42. Dorsal origin over forward part of eye. Caudal with posterior margin a broad 'V'. Pectorals small and may be asymmetrical (Ref. 6885). Blind side white, with glossy highlights along myotome margins, increasing anteriorly. Pores: supraorbital 3-9; preopercular 5-7; lateral line 70-91. Interorbital space narrow (Ref. 37594).

Adults occur over sand and gravel substrates to depths of 339 m; larvae collected over depths less than 1,000 m (Ref. 37594). Feed on mollusks, polychaete worms, crustaceans, brittle stars, and fishes (Ref. 6885). A tasty food fish; in some years commercial catch in Canada reaches 3,000 t (Ref. 2850).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Amaoka, Kunio | Collaborators

Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 13 August 2020

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial

FAO(Fisheries: production, species profile; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

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Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 1.5 - 10.1, mean 5.1 (based on 1427 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00538 - 0.01546), b=3.08 (2.93 - 3.23), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.2 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.

Resilience (Ref. 120179): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (K=0.15; tm=9; tmax=26).

Prior r = 0.31, 95% CL = 0.21 - 0.47, Based on 3 full stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Lepidopsetta bilineata (Ayres, 1855)