United States (contiguous states) country information

Common names: Blue runner, Crevalle, Hardtail
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: minor commercial | Ref: FAO, 1994
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Found in the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary (Ref. 45556).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Carangue coubali, Cojinúa negra, Yellow tail cavalli, ... more

Klassifizierung / Names Namen | Synonyme | Catalog of Fishes(Gattung, Arten) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Carangiformes (Jacks) > Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Caranx: French, carangue, the name of a Caribbean fish; 1836 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Mitchill.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ökologie

seewasser; brackwasser riff-verbunden; tiefenbereich 0 - 100 m (Ref. 4233). Subtropical; 46°N - 26°S, 97°W - 32°E

Verbreitung Länder | FAO Gebiete | Ecosystems | Vorkommen | Point map | Einführungen | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic: Senegal to Angola (Ref. 4225, 13121, 57392), including the western Mediterranean, St. Paul's Rocks (Ref. 13121), and Ascension Island. Reported from Mauritania (Ref. 55783). Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia, Canada to Brazil (Ref. 7251), including the Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 9626) and the Caribbean. Also found in Argentina (Ref. 59355). In the tropical Eastern Pacific, it is replaced by Caranx caballus Günther 1869, which may be conspecific.

Length at first maturity / Size / Gewicht / Alter

Maturity: L_m 27.4 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 5217); common length : 40.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 5217); max. veröff. Gewicht: 5.1 kg (Ref. 40637); max. veröff. Alter: 11 Jahre (Ref. 5803)

Kurzbeschreibung Bestimmungsschlüssel | Morphologie | Morphometrie

Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 9; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 22 - 25; Afterflossenstacheln: 3; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 19 - 21. Diagnosis: body elongate (depth comprised 3.2-3.5 times in fork length) and moderately compressed; snout slightly rounded (Ref. 57392). Maxilla ends below middle of eye (Ref. 26938, 57391). 2 dorsal fins, 1st with 8 spines, 2nd with 1 spine and 22-25 soft rays; anal fin with 2 spines, followed by 1 spine and 19-21 soft rays (Ref. 57391, 81654). Anterior lobe of soft dorsal and anal fins moderately developed, their height smaller than head length; pectoral fins falcate, longer than head; scales small and cycloid (Ref. 57391). Chest fully scaled (erroneously reported as chest naked in other sources)(Ref. 81654). 45 (Ref. 26938, 81654) - 56 (Ref. 57392, 81654) scutes along posterior/straight part of lateral line. Coloration: back light olivaceous to bluish-green, sides silvery-grey to golden; juveniles with about 7 dark crossbars on sides (Ref. 57392).

A schooling species (Ref. 5217, 57391) generally not far from the coast (Ref. 5217), in coastal marine and brackish waters to at least 100 m depth (Ref. 57392). Juveniles often found in association with floating Sargassum (Ref. 5217), often entering lagoons and estuaries (Ref. 57392). Adults feed on fishes, shrimps, and other invertebrates. They spawn offshore from January through August (Ref. 26938). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233). Excellent food fish (Ref. 9626); marketed fresh, frozen (Ref. 5521), and salted. Often used for bait (Ref. 26938). Maximum reported total length 550mm in Ref. 57392.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Fortpflanzung | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

Hauptreferenz Upload your references | Referenzen | Koordinator : Smith-Vaniz, William F. | Partner

Smith-Vaniz, W.F., J.-C. Quéro and M. Desoutter, 1990. Carangidae. p. 729-755. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7097)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)

nicht bedroht (LC) ; Date assessed: 04 February 2009

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Bedrohung für Menschen

Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30911)

Nutzung durch Menschen

Fischereien: weniger kommerziell; Sportfisch: ja

FAO(Fischereien: production; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 16.9 - 27.9, mean 24.9 (based on 752 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01738 (0.01458 - 0.02071), b=2.95 (2.92 - 2.98), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.1 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.

Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179): mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (K=0.32-0.38; tmax=11; Fec=41,000).

Prior r = 0.78, 95% CL = 0.52 - 1.17, Based on 4 data-limited stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100).

Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766): Low.

Caranx crysos (Mitchill, 1815)