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Lithognathus mormyrus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Sand steenbras
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Lithognathus mormyrus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Lithognathus mormyrus (Sand steenbras)
Lithognathus mormyrus
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Slovenia country information

Common names: Ovčica, Ovèica
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/si.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1986
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Marbré, Herrera, Dorade marbré, ... more

分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) 鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sparidae (Porgies) 鯛科 (Porgies)
Etymology: Lithognathus: Greek, lithos = stone + Greek, gnathos = jaw (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 0 - 150 m (Ref. 3688), usually 10 - 20 m (Ref. 37413).   亞熱帶的; 48°N - 35°S, 25°W - 36°E

分布 國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay, Strait of Gibraltar and Mediterranean; southward to Cape of Good Hope, South Africa; around the Canary and Cape Verde Islands (Ref. 3688); and Madeira Is (Ref. 74541). Western Indian Ocean: southern Mozambique (Ref. 3688). Not found in tropical east Africa (Ref. 3198), Red Sea (Ref. 84159) and Black Sea (Ref. 4781, 112870).
東大西洋: 比斯開灣，直布羅陀海峽與地中海，黑色與亞速海海洋到南非好望角與莫三比克海峽。 也加納利群島與維德角的周圍發現, 但是不在馬得拉群島.(參考文獻 4781) 西印度洋: 紅海; 莫三比克南部到好望角; 不出現在熱帶的非洲東部。 (參考文獻 3198)

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: Lm 17.4, range 20 - ? cm
Max length : 55.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3397); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3688); 最大年齡: 12 年 (Ref. 13716)

簡短描述 檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

背棘 (總數) : 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 12 - 13; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 10 - 11.

生物學特性     字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Found on the shelf, over sandy and muddy bottoms as well as seagrass-beds and estuaries. Gregarious, sometimes forming sizeable schools. Feeds on worms, mollusks and small crustaceans. Protandric hermaphrodite (Ref. 3688). Flesh excellent (Ref. 3198); sold fresh and dried.

棲息於大陸棚了, 在沙泥底之上以及海草床與河口。 群居的, 有時形成可大小的魚群。 吃蠕蟲，軟體動物與小型甲殼動物。 雄性先熟的雌雄同體.(參考文獻 3688) 肉優良的;(參考文獻 3198) 賣了生鮮地而且乾製了。

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚

A monandric species (Ref. 55367). In the northern Adriatic, overall male to female ratio was 1:1.62. Sex inversion occurred mainly between 24.1 and 35.2 cm TL and 3.5 years of age (Ref. 55367). Conflicting descriptions of the reproductive style of this species have been reported, including possible gonochorism (Ref. 103751). Also Ref. 28504.東大西洋: 比斯開灣，直布羅陀海峽與地中海，黑色與亞速海海洋到南非好望角與莫三比克海峽。 也加納利群島與維德角的周圍發現, 但是不在馬得拉群島.(參考文獻 4781) 西印度洋: 紅海; 莫三比克南部到好望角; 不出現在熱帶的非洲東部。 (參考文獻 3198)

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者

Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990. Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

  無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 16 August 2009

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

對人類具威脅

  無害處的




人類使用

漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的
FAO(漁業: 產生; publication : search) | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | 周邊海洋

更多資訊

Trophic ecology
食物相
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
捕食者
Ecology
生態學
Home ranges
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
長度-頻率
Mass conversions
Recruitments
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Life cycle
繁殖
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
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稚魚動力學
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腦重體重比
Otoliths
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魚的聲音
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
遺傳學
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同種異名
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References
參考文獻

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 17.1 - 27.5, mean 24.4 (based on 224 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5625   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01202 (0.01073 - 0.01347), b=3.02 (2.99 - 3.05), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (Ref. 69278):  3.5   ±0.39 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.24; tm=2).
Prior r = 0.54, 95% CL = 0.36 - 0.81, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).
價格種類 (Ref. 80766):   Medium.