Sierra Leone country information

Common names: Kaiman
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/sl.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Kamara, A.B., 1977
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Lippu pelon, Burro ojón, Отоперка, ... more

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Haemulidae (Grunts) > Haemulinae
Etymology: Brachydeuterus: Greek, brachys, eia = short + Greek, deuter = two (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; brackish; benthopelagic; depth range 10 - 100 m (Ref. 57395), usually 15 - 80 m (Ref. 26999). Tropical; 35°N - 16°S, 19°W - 14°E (Ref. 54289)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic: west coast of Africa, from Mauritania to Angola (Ref. 57395). Also reported from Morocco (Ref. 2135).

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m 14.8 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 57395); common length : 23.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3660); max. reported age: 7 years (Ref. 1113)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 10 - 13; Dorsal soft rays (total): 11 - 14; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 9 - 10. Diagnosis: body oblong and compressed; dorsal profile slightly and regularly convex; snout shorter than eye diameter (Ref. 57395). Mouth large, oblique (Ref. 5377, 57395) and protrusible (Ref. 57395). Lower jaw slightly prominent; 2 anterior pores on chin, followed by a median pit bearing openings of two large pores (Ref. 57395). Eyes large (Ref. 5377). Dorsal fin deeply notched; caudal fin deeply forked; scales ctenoid on body and head (Ref. 57395). Coloration: back olivaceous, sides silvery to white; dark spot at angle of opercle; sometimes several small, dark spots on dorsal-fin base (Ref. 57395). Fins grey (Ref. 5377).

Inhabits coastal waters (Ref. 2683). Semipelagic, remains near the bottom during the day and moves up to the open water at night (Ref. 5377, 57395). Occasionally enters lagoons and estuaries at start of sexual maturation (Ref. 57395). Occurs over sandy and muddy bottoms. Feeds on invertebrates and small fishes (Ref. 5535).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Roux, C., 1990. Haemulidae. p. 783-788. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6946)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Near Threatened (NT) ; Date assessed: 16 May 2013

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: highly commercial

FAO(Fisheries: production, species profile; publication : search) | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

More information

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Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 17.3 - 27.9, mean 21.5 (based on 210 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01288 (0.00817 - 0.02032), b=3.04 (2.91 - 3.17), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.0 ±0.44 se; based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.29-0.4; tmax=7;).

Prior r = 0.54, 95% CL = 0.36 - 0.81, Based on 1 full stock assessment.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): High.

Brachydeuterus auritus (Valenciennes, 1832)