Saudi Arabia country information

Common names: Edwailmy
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/sa.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Carpenter, K.E., F. Krupp, D.A. Jones and U. Zajonz, 1997
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Barracuda, Picuda barracuda, Commerson's sea pike, ... more

Классификация / Names народные названия | синонимы | Catalog of Fishes(род, виды) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Carangaria/misc (Various families in series Carangaria) > Sphyraenidae (Barracudas)
Etymology: Sphyraena: Greek, sphyraina, -es = the name of a fish (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range экология

морской; солоноватоводный ассоциированный с рифами; пределы глубины 0 - 100 m (Ref. 6949), usually 3 - 30 m (Ref. 40849). Subtropical; 42°N - 35°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 55300)

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Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and east coast of Africa to Hawaii and the Marquesas and Tuamoto islands. Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (USA), Bermuda, and throughout the Caribbean Sea to Brazil (Ref. 9626). Eastern Atlantic: Sierra Leone, Côte d'Ivoire, Togo, Nigeria, Senegal (Ref. 6949), Mauritania (Ref. 5377), St. Paul's Rocks (Ref. 13121), and São Tomé Island (Ref. 34088).

Length at first maturity / Size / Вес / Возраст

Maturity: L_m 66.0, range 58 - 98.5 cm
Max length : 200 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 7251); common length : 140 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 3692); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 50.0 kg (Ref. 6949); наибольший возраст (опубликованны данные): 18 годы (Ref. 128046)

Краткое описание определительные ключи | морфология | морфометрия

колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 6; членистые (мягкие) лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 9; колючие лучи анального плавника: 2; членистые (мягкие) лучи анального плавника: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: a large body, large eyes; body depth 6.0-8.2 in SL; teeth erect and contiguous; no gill rakers on first gill arch, instead upper and lower gill arch with rough platelets which lack distinct spines; origin of first dorsal fin at level of the rear base of the pelvic fins; caudal fin emarginate with a pair of large lobes at posterior margin, except young less than 50 cm TL which have a forked caudal fin. Colour of body silvery; many oblique dark bars on upper half of body that do not across lateral line; caudal fin black with white tips; juveniles with a series of large dark blotches irregularly arranged on sides of body (Ref. 9768, 90102).

Found predominantly at or near the surface (Ref. 6949, 48637). Juvenile occurs among mangroves, estuaries and shallow sheltered inner reef areas; adult occurs in a wide range of habitats from murky inner harbors to open seas. Diurnal and solitary, but can also be found in small aggregations. Feeds on fishes, cephalopods and sometimes on shrimps (Ref. 9626, 48637). Sold fresh. Utilized also dried or salted (Ref. 9987). Although this species is ciguatoxic elsewhere throughout its range, it has not been reported to be poisonous in the eastern Atlantic (Ref. 6949, 48637). Rarely attacks humans, usually with one quick, fierce strike, which, although serious, is rarely fatal. The world's record on hook and line is a 5.5-ft. fish taken in the Bahamas that weighed 103 lbs. (Ref. 13442). Caught by handline, set nets, and other fishing gear (Ref. 9768). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | размножение | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | личинки

Основная ссылка Upload your references | ссылки | координатор | соавторы

Daget, J., 1986. Sphyraenidae. p. 350-351. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4339)

Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435)

Не вызывающий беспокойства (LC) ; Date assessed: 29 January 2013

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Угроза для людей

Traumatogenic (Ref. 4690)

Использование человеком

рыболовство: не имеет хозяйственного значения; объект спортивного рыболовства: да; аквариум: общественные аквариумы

FAO(рыболовство: production; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

дополнительная информация

Trophic ecology
пищевые объекты
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Ecology
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Population dynamics
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Life cycle
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Genetics
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 21.7 - 28.9, mean 27.2 (based on 2020 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00710 - 0.01021), b=2.93 (2.89 - 2.97), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.5 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.

устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (Ref. 120179): низкий, минимальное время удвоения популяции 4.5-14 лет (K=0.09-0.11; tm=2-4).

Prior r = 0.31, 95% CL = 0.20 - 0.46, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (79 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).

Категория цены (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Sphyraena barracuda (Edwards, 1771)