Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 9 - 13.5, mean 11.1 °C (based on 60 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01230 (0.01017 - 0.01488), b=2.98 (2.92 - 3.04), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 10.0 (7.3 - 11.0) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 13
growth studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (K=0.07-0.19; tm=4-10; tmax=21; Fec=46,320).
Prior r = 0.43, 95% CL = 0.28 - 0.64, Based on 6 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 14.1 [7.6, 30.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.394 [0.211, 0.738] mg/100g; Protein = 19.8 [16.2, 22.4] %; Omega3 = 0.286 [0.121, 0.708] g/100g; Selenium = 15 [5, 46] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.1 [3.2, 65.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.223 [0.115, 0.720] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.