Poland country information

Common names: Grazniak, Rdzawiec
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/pl.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Winkler, H.M., K. Skora, R. Repecka, M. Ploks, A. Neelov, L. Urho, A. Gushin and H. Jespersen, 2000
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Lieu jaune, Abadejo, European pollock, ... more

Classification / Names Noms communs | Synonymes | Catalog of Fishes(Genre, Espèce) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Gadiformes (Cods) > Gadidae (Cods and haddocks)
Etymology: Pollachius: Scottish dialect, podlock, paddle = bumpfish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Écologie

marin benthopélagique; océanodrome (Ref. 51243); profondeur 40 - 200 m (Ref. 6302), usually 40 - 100 m (Ref. 54707). Temperate; 72°N - 36°N, 25°W - 28°E

Distribution Pays | Zones FAO | Écosystèmes | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Northeast Atlantic: Iceland, the Faeroes and Norway to the Bay of Biscay (Ref. 1371); also southern Baltic Sea (Ref. 89342) with records from Poland, Latvia and Estonia (Refs. 36252, 52079).

Length at first maturity / Taille / Poids / Âge

Maturity: L_m 41.0, range 42 - ? cm
Max length : 130 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 1371); common length : 75.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 1371); poids max. publié: 18.1 kg (Ref. 40637); âge max. reporté: 8 années (Ref. 1371)

Description synthétique Clés d'identification | Morphologie | Morphométrie

Épines dorsales (Total) : 0; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total) : 29 - 33; Rayons mous anaux: 27 - 30; Vertèbres: 52 - 55. Lower jaw distinctly projecting beyond upper ones. Lacks a chin barbel. Dark lateral line that sharply curves over the pectoral fin and continues over whole body. No dark spot at pectoral fin base. Dorsal and anal fin interspaces short. Sensory canals with large pores on head. Body color is variable; dark dorsally, sharply distinguished from silver-gray sides and belly; the upper part of the body with yellow to orange streaks or blotches; the lateral line greenish. The fins uniformly dark except for the pelvic fins which are yellowish.

Found in inshore waters but also down to 200 m depth, in areas with hard bottoms. Juveniles are pelagic, spending 2-3 years near the coast including rocky areas, kelp beds, sandy shores and estuaries (Ref. 1371, 58137, 89343, 89362). Juveniles may form schools with saithe (Pollachius virens) (Ref. 88187), and have also been found solitary and defending their feeding territory (Refs. 42174, 89363). Larger individuals move to the open sea and are often found around rocky areas at 40-100 m depth (Ref. 1371). Also observed around shipwrecks and oil platforms (Ref. 88187). Adults occur singly or in small dispersed shoals but is known to form dense shoals on spawning grounds (Ref. 89364). Suggested to undertake spawning migrations (Ref. 88171). Caught as bycatch in cod and saithe fisheries. Flesh is dry but of good flavor (Ref. 35388). Classified as a "hearing generalist" (89365); has also been found to produce sound. Juveniles have been reported to make repeated short grunts during competitive feeding and aggressive encounters (89366).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larves

Oviparous and gonochorous (Ref. 205).

Référence principale Upload your references | Références | Coordinateur | Collaborateurs

Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)

Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435)

Préoccupation mineure (LC) ; Date assessed: 16 October 2013

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Menace pour l'homme

Harmless

Utilisations par l'homme

Pêcheries: commercial; pêche sportive: oui

FAO(Aquaculture systems: production; pêcheries: production, Résumé espèce; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 7 - 11.9, mean 8.9 (based on 283 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00708 (0.00603 - 0.00831), b=3.08 (3.04 - 3.12), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Niveau trophique (Ref. 69278): 4.3 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.

Résilience (Ref. 120179): Milieu, temps minimum de doublement de population : 1,4 à 4,4 années (K=0.19; tmax=8).

Prior r = 0.63, 95% CL = 0.42 - 0.95, Based on 3 data-limited stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High vulnerability (59 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Very high vulnerability (82 of 100).

Catégorie de prix (Ref. 80766): Low.

Pollachius pollachius (Linnaeus, 1758)