New Zealand country information

Common names: Blue cod, Raawaru
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: Armitage, R.O., D.A. Payne, G.J. Lockley, H.M. Currie, R.L. Colban, B.G. Lamb and L.J. Paul (eds.), 1994
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: Occurs in rocky areas throughout New Zealand coastal waters but most common in the southern region and the Chatham Is. (Ref. 9258). Recorded from bottom trawls off the east coast of South Island (Ref. 58461). Available throughout the year but landings peak during winter (Ref. 9258). Voucher specimen(s) held at the NMNZ. Also Ref. 3243, 9072, 45493, 45524.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/nz.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.fish.govt.nz/
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan, 1989
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Blue cod, 新西兰拟鲈, Sandbarsch, ... more

Classification / Names Populärnamn | synonymer | Catalog of Fishes(Släkte, Arter) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Perciformes/Uranoscopoidei (Sand dwellers) > Pinguipedidae (Sandperches)
Etymology: Parapercis: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, perke = perch (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Forster.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

marina bottenlevande; djupintervall 52 - 150 m (Ref. 9072). Temperate; 34°S - 52°S, 163°E - 175°W

Utbredning Länder | FAO områden | Ekosystem | Förekomster | Point map | Utplanteringar | Faunafri

Southwest Pacific: restricted to New Zealand.

Length at first maturity / Size / Vikt / Age

Maturity: L_m 14.5, range 10 - 19 cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 3243); common length : 35.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 9258); publicerad maxvikt: 2.5 kg (Ref. 3243); rapporterad maxålder: 17 år (Ref. 9072)

Inhabits rocky areas to a depth of 150 m (Ref. 9258). Carnivore which feeds mainly on small fish and crabs. Feeds by stalking its prey and swallowing it whole. Adults are home-ranging (Ref. 26966). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 58489.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver

Main reference Upload your references | referenser | Koordinator : Ho, Hsuan-Ching | Medarbetare

Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan, 1989. New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series No. 19. 279 p. (Ref. 5755)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 04 February 2009

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fiskeri: kommersiell; sportfisk: ja

FAO(fiskeri: produktion; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Ytterligare information

Trophic ecology
Födoslag
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Predatorer

Ecology
Ekologi
Home ranges

Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances

Life cycle
Reproduktion
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larver
Larvdynamik

Distribution
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FAO områden
Ekosystem
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BRUVS - Videos

Anatomy
Gill areas
Hjärnstorlek
Otoliths

Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Fiskljud
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)

Genetics
Genetik
Electrophoreses
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Human related
Aquaculture systems
Vattenbruksprofiler
Avelslinjer
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.

Outreach
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Taxonomy
Populärnamn
synonymer
Morfologi
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References
referenser

Verktyg

Special reports

Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

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Summary page | Point data | Populärnamn | Photos

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 8.5 - 16.5, mean 12.6 (based on 29 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00685 - 0.01057), b=3.13 (3.07 - 3.19), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278): 3.9 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.

Resiliens (Ref. 120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (K=0.66; tm=2; tmax=17).

Prior r = 0.44, 95% CL = 0.29 - 0.66, Based on 4 data-limited stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): High.

Parapercis colias (Forster, 1801)