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Parapercis colias (Forster, 1801)

New Zealand blue cod
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Parapercis colias   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Parapercis colias
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New Zealand country information

Common names: Blue cod, Raawaru
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: Armitage, R.O., D.A. Payne, G.J. Lockley, H.M. Currie, R.L. Colban, B.G. Lamb and L.J. Paul (eds.), 1994
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: Occurs in rocky areas throughout New Zealand coastal waters but most common in the southern region and the Chatham Is. (Ref. 9258). Recorded from bottom trawls off the east coast of South Island (Ref. 58461). Available throughout the year but landings peak during winter (Ref. 9258). Voucher specimen(s) held at the NMNZ. Also Ref. 3243, 9072, 45493, 45524.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/nz.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.fish.govt.nz/
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan, 1989
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Blue cod, 新西兰拟鲈, Sandbarsch, ... more

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Perciformes/Uranoscopoidei (Sand dwellers) > Pinguipedidae (Sandperches)
Etymology: Parapercis: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, perke = perch (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Forster.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 52 - 150 m (Ref. 9072).   溫帶; 34°S - 52°S, 163°E - 175°W

分布 国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

Southwest Pacific: restricted to New Zealand.
西南太平洋: 侷限於紐西蘭了。

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄

Maturity: Lm 14.5, range 10 - 19 cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3243); common length : 35.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9258); 最大体重: 2.5 kg (Ref. 3243); 最大年龄: 17 年 (Ref. 9072)

生物学特性     字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

Inhabits rocky areas to a depth of 150 m (Ref. 9258). Carnivore which feeds mainly on small fish and crabs. Feeds by stalking its prey and swallowing it whole. Adults are home-ranging (Ref. 26966). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 58489.

栖息于岩石区到深度 150 公尺。 (参考文献 9258) 主要捕食小鱼与螃蟹的食肉动物。 藉由悄悄靠近它的猎物而且吞它全部的吃。 成鱼是以出生地为范围分布。 (参考文献 26966)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼

西南太平洋: 侷限於紐西蘭了。

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 : Ho, Hsuan-Ching | 合作者

Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan, 1989. New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series No. 19. 279 p. (Ref. 5755)

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

  最不相关 (LC) ; Date assessed: 04 February 2009

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

对人类的威胁

  无害处的




人类利用

渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
FAO(渔业: 产生; publication : search) | FishSource | 周边海洋

更多信息

Trophic ecology
食物相
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
捕食者
Ecology
生态学
Home ranges
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
体长-频率
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
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繁殖
Maturities
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Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
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仔鱼
稚鱼动力学
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脑重体重比
Otoliths
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Nutrients
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游泳类型
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
鱼的声音
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
遗传学
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Human related
Aquaculture systems
水产养殖描述
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Stamps, coins, misc.
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References
参考文献

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 8.5 - 16.5, mean 12.6 (based on 29 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00685 - 0.01057), b=3.13 (3.07 - 3.19), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
营养阶层 (Ref. 69278):  3.9   ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref. 120179):  中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.66; tm=2; tmax=17).
Prior r = 0.44, 95% CL = 0.29 - 0.66, Based on 4 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100).
价格分类 (Ref. 80766):   High.