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Parapercis colias (Forster, 1801)

New Zealand blue cod
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Parapercis colias   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Parapercis colias
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New Zealand country information

Common names: Blue cod, Raawaru
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: Armitage, R.O., D.A. Payne, G.J. Lockley, H.M. Currie, R.L. Colban, B.G. Lamb and L.J. Paul (eds.), 1994
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: Occurs in rocky areas throughout New Zealand coastal waters but most common in the southern region and the Chatham Is. (Ref. 9258). Recorded from bottom trawls off the east coast of South Island (Ref. 58461). Available throughout the year but landings peak during winter (Ref. 9258). Voucher specimen(s) held at the NMNZ. Also Ref. 3243, 9072, 45493, 45524.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/nz.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.fish.govt.nz/
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan, 1989
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Blue cod, 新西兰拟鲈, Sandbarsch, ... more

分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Perciformes/Uranoscopoidei (Sand dwellers) 鱸形目 (Sand dwellers) > Pinguipedidae (Sandperches) 肥足鰧科 (Sandperches)
Etymology: Parapercis: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, perke = perch (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Forster.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 52 - 150 m (Ref. 9072).   溫帶; 34°S - 52°S, 163°E - 175°W

分布 國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

Southwest Pacific: restricted to New Zealand.
西南太平洋: 侷限於紐西蘭了。

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: Lm 14.5, range 10 - 19 cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3243); common length : 35.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9258); 最大體重: 2.5 kg (Ref. 3243); 最大年齡: 17 年 (Ref. 9072)

生物學特性     字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Inhabits rocky areas to a depth of 150 m (Ref. 9258). Carnivore which feeds mainly on small fish and crabs. Feeds by stalking its prey and swallowing it whole. Adults are home-ranging (Ref. 26966). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 58489.

棲息於岩石區到深度 150 公尺。 (參考文獻 9258) 主要捕食小魚與螃蟹的食肉動物。 藉由悄悄靠近它的獵物而且吞它全部的吃。 成魚是以出生地為範圍分佈。 (參考文獻 26966) 最小深度報告取自參考文獻 58489.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚

西南太平洋: 侷限於紐西蘭了。

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 : Ho, Hsuan-Ching | 合作者

Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan, 1989. New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series No. 19. 279 p. (Ref. 5755)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

  無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 04 February 2009

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

對人類具威脅

  無害處的




人類使用

漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
FAO(漁業: 產生; publication : search) | FishSource | 周邊海洋

更多資訊

Trophic ecology
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參考文獻

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 8.5 - 16.5, mean 12.6 (based on 29 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00685 - 0.01057), b=3.13 (3.07 - 3.19), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (Ref. 69278):  3.9   ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.66; tm=2; tmax=17).
Prior r = 0.44, 95% CL = 0.29 - 0.66, Based on 4 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100).
價格種類 (Ref. 80766):   High.