Netherlands country information

Common names: Koudgerookte vlinders, Wijting
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref: Nijssen, H. and S.J. de Groot, 1974
Importance: commercial | Ref: FAO, 1994
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/nl.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Merlan, Plegonero, Мерланг, ... more

Classificação / Names Nomes comuns | Sinônimos | Catalog of Fishes(Gênero, Espécies) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Gadiformes (Cods) > Gadidae (Cods and haddocks)
Etymology: Merlangius: French, merlan = a fish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

marinhas; estuarina bentopelágico; oceanódromo (Ref. 51243); intervalo de profundidade 10 - 200 m (Ref. 1371), usually 30 - 100 m (Ref. 1371). Temperate; 72°N - 35°N, 27°W - 42°E

Distribuição Países | Áreas da FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Point map | Introduções | Faunafri

Northeast Atlantic: southeastern Barents Sea and Iceland to Portugal, also in the Black Sea, Aegean Sea, Adriatic Sea and adjacent areas. Rare in the northwestern Mediterranean.

Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Maturity: L_m 28.2, range 28 - 30 cm
Max length : 91.5 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 106276); common length : 23.5 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 1371); peso máx. publicado: 3.1 kg (Ref. 40637); idade máx. registrada: 20 anos (Ref. 35388)

Descrição suscinta Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria

Espinhos dorsais (total) : 0; Raios dorsais (total) : 30 - 40; Raios anais : 30 - 35. Body elongate; head small. Chin barbel small or absent. Lateral-line canals on head with pores. Color is variable; yellowish-brown, dark blue or green, sides yellowish grey, white and silvery on belly; often with a small dark blotch at the upper base of the pectoral fin.

More commonly found from 30 to 100 m, mainly on mud and gravel bottoms, but also on sand and rock. Feed on shrimps, crabs, mollusks, small fish, polychaetes and cephalopods. Migrate to the open sea only after the first year of life. Eggs are pelagic. Larvae and juveniles are associated with jellyfish. Upon maturity, small chin barbel characteristic of juveniles disappear (Ref. 53061). Spawn in batches (Ref. 51846). Utilized fresh, dried or salted, smoked and frozen; eaten steamed, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988).

Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas

Oviparous, sexes are separate (Ref. 205).

Referência principal Upload your references | Referências | Coordenador | Colaboradores

Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)

Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)

Segura ou pouco preocupante (LC) ; Date assessed: 18 October 2013

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Ameaça para os humanos

Harmless

Uso pelos humanos

Pescarias: altamente comercial; peixe esportivo: sim; Aquário: Aquários públicos

FAO(pescarias: produção, perfil da espécie; publication : search) | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 7 - 11.9, mean 9.2 (based on 409 cells).

Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00617 (0.00548 - 0.00694), b=3.06 (3.02 - 3.10), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278): 4.4 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.

Resiliência (Ref. 120179): médio(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (rm=1.1-1.6(?); K=0.07-0.74; tm=1-4; tmax=20; Fec>100,000).

Prior r = 0.49, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.74, Based on 20 full stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).

Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus, 1758)