Main Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
---|---|
Remarks | Inhabits reefs and rocky bottoms. Feeds at night on mollusks, echinoderms, annelids, and crustaceans (Ref. 3798). Cleaned by <>Elacatinus figaro observed off the coast of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil (Ref. 40102). Mobile invertebrates feeder (Ref. 57616, 126840). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
Substrate | : rocky; |
---|---|
Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; Other habitats: deep-water corals; |
Special habitats Ref. | Simon, T., H.T. Pinheiro, R.L. Moura, A. Carvalho-Filho, L.A. Rocha, A.S. Martins, E. Mazzei, R.B. Francini-Filho, G.M. Amado-Filho and J.-C. Joyeux, 2016 |
Ref. | |
---|---|
Associations | |
Associated with | Also cleaned by Pomacanthus paru observed at the reefs of the Abrolhos Archipelago, off eastern Brazil (Ref. 40094) and by Halichoeres cyanocephalus observed off the coast of Espirito Santo, southeastern Brazil (Ref. 31373). |
Association remarks | Young pick parasites from the bodies of larger fishes (Ref. 5521). |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
---|---|
Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.59 | 0.46 | 3.37 | 0.41 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. |
From individual food items | 3.44 | 0.41 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |