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	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Cypriniformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Cobitidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Cobitis</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Cobitis paludica (de Buen, 1930)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Peixe-rei</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Serpentina</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Verdemã</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='cs'>Sekavec bahenní</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='cs'>Sekavec Hassův</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Iberian-loach</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Padurahink</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Colmilleja</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Raboseta</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>哈氏鰍</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>哈氏鳅</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>沼泽鳅</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>沼澤鰍</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Acanthopsis taenia paludica de Buen, 1930</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Cobitis haasi Klausewitz, 1955</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Cobitis taenia haasi Klausewitz, 1955</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='ambiguous synonym'>Cobitis taenia paludicola Berg, 1932</synonym>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=9960'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4517&amp;speccode=9960'>Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6376&amp;speccode=9960'>IUCN0 1994 IUCN red list of threatened animals. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U.K. (Ref. 6376)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9953&amp;speccode=9960'>Sokolov, L.I. and L.S. Berdicheskii0 Acipenseridae. p. 150-153. In J. Holcík (ed.) The freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 1, Part II. General introduction to fishes Acipenseriformes. AULA-Verlag Wiesbaden. 469 p. (Ref. 9953)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=11240&amp;speccode=9960'>Elvira, B.0 Conservation status of endemic freshwater fish in Spain. Biol. Conserv. 72:129-136. (Ref. 11240)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12255&amp;speccode=9960'>Baillie, J. and B. Groombridge (eds.)0 1996 IUCN red list of threatened animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. 378 p. (Ref. 12255)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13696&amp;speccode=9960'>Kottelat, M.0 European freshwater fishes. An heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation. Biologia, Bratislava, 52/Suppl. 5:1-271. (Ref. 13696)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26100&amp;speccode=9960'>Crivelli, A.J.0 The freshwater fish endemic to the Mediterranean region. An action plan for their conservation. Tour du Valat Publication, 171 p. (Ref. 26100)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=27858&amp;speccode=9960'>Elvira, B., G.G. Nicola and A. Almodovar0 Pike and red swamp crayfish: a new case on predator-prey relationship between aliens in central Spain. J. Fish Biol. 48(3):437-446. (Ref. 27858)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=9960'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='2-8317-0564-9' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36508&amp;speccode=9960'>Hilton-Taylor, C.0 2000 IUCN red list of threatened species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. xviii + 61 p. (with 1 CD-ROM). (Ref. 36508)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38442&amp;speccode=9960'>Soriguer, M.C., C. Vallespín, C. Gomez-Cama and J.A. Hernando0 Age, diet, growth and reproduction of a population of &lt;i&gt;Cobitis paludica&lt;/i&gt; (de Buen, 1930) in the Palancar Stream (southwest of Europe, Spain) (Pisces: Cobitidae). Hydrobiologia 436:51-58. (Ref. 38442)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38732&amp;speccode=9960'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=47315&amp;speccode=9960'>Oliva-Paterna, F.J., M.M. Torralva and C. Fernández-Delgado0 Age, growth and reproduction of &lt;i&gt;Cobitis paludica&lt;/i&gt; in a seasonal stream. J. Fish Biol. 60(2):389-404. (Ref. 47315)</reference>
	<reference isbn='80-7036-139-5' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51055&amp;speccode=9960'>Hanel, L. and J. Novák0 České názvy zivočichů V. Ryby a ryboviti obratlovci (Pisces) 3., maloústí (Gonorhynchiformes) - máloostní (Cypriniformes). Národní muzeum (zoologické oddělení), Praha. (Ref. 51055)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=56787&amp;speccode=9960'>Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Updated database version of April 2006. Database dump. Catalog databases as made available to FishBase in April 2006. (Ref. 56787)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57074&amp;speccode=9960'>Ribeiro, F., R. Beldade, M. Dix and J. Bochechas0 Carta piscícola Nacional Direcçao Geral dos Recursos Florestais-Fluviatilis, Lda. http://www.fluviatilis.com/dgf/?nologin=true. Publicação electrónica (versão 12/2005). Accessed 19 July 2006. (Ref. 57074)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=9960'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='978-2-8399-0298-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=59043&amp;speccode=9960'>Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof0 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=79582&amp;speccode=9960'>Elvira, B.0 Endangered freshwater fish of Spain. p. 55-61. A. Kirchhofer and D. Hefti (eds) In Conservation of Endangered Freshwater Fish in Europe. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland. (Ref. 79582)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=105471&amp;speccode=9960'>eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=115878&amp;speccode=9960'>Moreno-Valcárcel, R., F.J. Oliva-Paterna, C. Arribas and C. Fernández-Delgado0 Length-weight relationships for 13 fish species collected in the Doñana marshlands (Guadalquivir estuary, SW Spain). J. Appl. Ichthyol. 28:663-664. (Ref. 115878)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=119049&amp;speccode=9960'>Antunes, C., F. Cobo and M.J. Araujo0 Iberian inland fisheries. p. 268-282. In J.F. Craig (ed.).  Freshwater Fisheries Ecology. John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd. 899p. (Ref. 119049)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=130435&amp;speccode=9960'>IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=137577&amp;speccode=9960'>Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577)</reference><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>A short-lived species, secretive in nature (Ref. 38442).  Adults inhabit middle and lower reaches, with shallow waters, sandy bottoms and submerged plants (Ref. 11240).  During dry periods, they can survive in very small water bodies (Ref. 59043).  Feed on invertebrates and plants.  Spawn in May to July.  Oviparous, with distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).  Eggs are small (1.7 mm) and sticky, placed within dense vegetation if available (Ref. 59043).  Threatened due to pollution, habitat destruction and the introduction of other species (Ref. 26100).</dc:description>
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	<dc:description>Presence of mandibular barbel 4-8 times in HL. Pectoral fin length 4.3-5.4 times in SL in males, 4.3-9.0 times in females. 6-7.5 branched dorsal rays. One lamina circularis.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='978-2-8399-0298-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=59043&amp;speccode=9960'>Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Europe:  Iberian Peninsula, except in Alagon system (Tagus drainage), northern Ebro and northern Douro drainages. Also found north of the peninsula where it has been locally introduced.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='978-2-8399-0298-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=59043&amp;speccode=9960'>Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26100&amp;speccode=9960'>Crivelli, A.J. 1996 The freshwater fish endemic to the Mediterranean region. An action plan for their conservation. Tour du Valat Publication, 171 p. (Ref. 26100)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>During courtship, 'the male follows the female and, after both enter dense vegetation (e.g. filamentous algae), the male forms a complete ring around the female's body behind the dorsal as the female releases the eggs' (Ref. 59043).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9953&amp;speccode=9960'>Sokolov, L.I. and L.S. Berdicheskii 1989 Acipenseridae. p. 150-153. In J. Holcík (ed.) The freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 1, Part II. General introduction to fishes Acipenseriformes. AULA-Verlag Wiesbaden. 469 p. (Ref. 9953)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-9960</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='http://oceans.ubc.ca/maria-lourdes-deng-palomares/' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Maria Lourdes D. Palomares</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1994-05-04 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-04-16 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9960</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>benthopelagic; non-migratory (Ref. 38442); freshwater</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38442&amp;speccode=9960'>Soriguer, M.C., C. Vallespín, C. Gomez-Cama and J.A. Hernando 2000 Age, diet, growth and reproduction of a population of &lt;i&gt;Cobitis paludica&lt;/i&gt; (de Buen, 1930) in the Palancar Stream (southwest of Europe, Spain) (Pisces: Cobitidae). Hydrobiologia 436:51-58. (Ref. 38442)</reference></dataObject>
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