FB-9372 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9372 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Siluriformes Schilbeidae Parailia Parailia pellucida (Boulenger, 1901) Glas-smørmalle Afrikanischer Glaswels Niglaswels Glass catfish Glass schilbid x Harilik klaassäga Genua Genugbe Niilinkuultomonni Balo Mai gaishi Rampari Manja Elangi kuso Eleli Epemu Legre legre Lengre lengre Lode 玻璃副沙鯰 玻璃副沙鲶 非洲玻璃鯰 非洲玻璃鲶 Parailia congica (non Boulenger, 1899) Physailia pellucida Boulenger, 1901 Physaillia pellucida Boulenger, 1901 1994-04-15 2019-02-14 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Teugels, G.G., C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and K. Traoré0 État des connaissances sur la faune ichtyologique des bassins côtiers de Côte d'Ivoire et de l'ouest du Ghana. Rev. Hydrobiol. Trop. 21(3):221-237. (Ref. 272) Blache, J.0 Les poissons du bassin du Tchad et du bassin adjacent du Mayo Kebbi. Étude systématique et biologique. Mém. O.R.S.T.O.M. 4(2):483 p. (Ref. 367) Daget, J. and A. Iltis0 Poissons de Côte d'Ivoire (eaux douces et saumâtres). Mém. I.F.A.N. 74:385 p. (Ref. 1989) Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl0 Aquarien atlas. Band 2. Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde GmbH, Melle, Germany. 1216 p. (Ref. 2060) Boulenger, G.A.0 Second account of the fishes collected by Dr. W.J. Ansorge in the Niger delta. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1902:324-330. (Ref. 2985) Boulenger, G.A.0 Catalogue of the fresh-water fishes of Africa, Volume 2. British Museum (Natural History), London. 530 p. (Ref. 2988) Pellegrin, J.0 Les poissons des eaux douces de l'Afrique occidentale (du Sénégal au Niger). Publ. Com. Hist. Sci. A.O.F., É. Larose, Paris. 373 p. (Ref. 3054) Svensson, G.S.O.0 Fresh water fishes from the Gambia River (British West Africa). Results of the Swedish Expedition 1931. K. Sven. Vetenskapsakad. Handl. 12(3):1-102. (Ref. 3074) De Vos, L.0 Schilbeidae. p. 36-53. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3570) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) De Vos, L.0 Schilbeidae. p. 432-449. In C. Levêque, D. Paugy, and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douces et saumâtres d'Afrique de l'Ouest Tome 2. Faune Tropicale n° 28. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, and O.R.S.T.O.M., Paris. (Ref. 7351) Entsua-Mensah, M., A. Osei-Abunyewa and M.L.D. Palomares0 Length-weight relationships of fishes from tributaries of the Volta River, Ghana: Part 1. Analysis of pooled data sets. Naga, ICLARM Q. 18(1):36-38. (Ref. 8992) Anonymous0 Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa. MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium. (Ref. 12818) Paugy, D., K. Traoré and P.S. Diouf0 Faune ichtyologique des eaux douces d'Afrique de l'Ouest. p.35-66. In G.G. Teugels, J.F. Guégan and J.J. Albaret (eds.) Biological diversity of African fresh-and brackish water fishes. Geographical overviews presented at the PARADI Symposium, Senegal, 15-20 November 1993. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 275:177 p. (Ref. 13331) Reed, W., J. Burchard., A.J. Hopson, J. Jenness and I. Yaro0 Fish and fisheries of Northern Nigeria. Ministry of Agriculture Northern Nigeria, Nigeria. 226 p. (Ref. 13851) Olatunde, A.A.0 Studies on the biology of the family Schilbeidae (Osteichthyes: Siluriforms) in Lake Kainji, Nigeria. University of Reading, UK. Ph. D. Thesis. 254 p. (Ref. 13867) Anonymous0 Fisheries statistical bulletin, Kainji Lake, Northern Nigeria, 1997. Nigerian-German Kainji Lake Fisheries Promotion Project Technical Report Series 9. 29pp. (Ref. 28265) Diouf, P.S.0 Les peuplements de poissons des milieux estuariens de l'Afrique de l'Ouest: L'exemple de l'estuaire hyperhalin du Sine-Saloum. Université de Montpellier II. Thèses et Documents Microfiches No.156. ORSTOM, Paris. 267 p. (Ref. 28587) Bailey, R.G.0 Guide to the fishes of the River Nile in the Republic of the Sudan. J. Nat. Hist. 28:937-970. (Ref. 28714) Dankwa, H.R., E.K. Abban and G.G. Teugels0 Freshwater fishes of Ghana: identification, distribution, ecological and economic importance. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool. 283:53 p. 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(Ref. 31982) De Vos, L.0 Results of a systematic revision of African schilbeids at the species level. p.113-364. In L. De Vos. A systematic revision of the African Schilbeidae (Teleostei, Siluriformes) with an annotated bibliography, Chapter 3. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr. Zool. vol. 271. (Ref. 33556) Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) De Vos, L.0 A systematic revision of the African Schilbeidae (Teleostei, Siluriformes). With an annotated bibliography. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 271:1-450. 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(Ref. 52866) Magomna, O.0 Noms communs de poissons tchadien en langue Kim. p. 234-242. In M.L.D. Palomares, B. Samb, T. Diouf, J.M. Vakily and D. Pauly (eds.) Fish biodiversity: local studies as basis for global inferences. ACP-EU Fish. Res. Rep. 14, 281p. (Ref. 52867) Mohamed Fall, K.O.0 Fishes of Mauritania. Unpublished compilation of K.O. Mohamed Fall. (Ref. 55783) De Vos, L.0 Schilbeidae. p. 97-116 In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douce et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Tome 2. Coll. Faune et Flore tropicales 40. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, Museum National d'Histoire Naturalle, Paris, France and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France. 815 p. (Ref. 57127) Lalèyè, P.A.0 Length-weight and length-length relationships of fishes from the Ouémé River in Bénin (West Africa). J. Appl. Ichthyol. 22:330-333. (Ref. 57961) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) De Vos, L.0 Schilbeidae. p. 630-652. In M.L.J. Stiassny, G.G. Teugels and C.D. Hopkins (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa. Volume I. Collection Faune et Flore tropicales 42. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, and Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium. 800 pp. (Ref. 81643) Boulenger, G.A.0 A list of the freshwater fishes of Africa. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 7) 16: 36-60. (Ref. 83360) Konan, K.F., A. Ouattara, M. Ouattara and G. Gourčne0 Weight-length relationship of 57 fish species of the coastal rivers in South-eastern of Ivory coast. 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(Ref. 101110) Pihu, E.0 Loomade elu 4. köide. Kalad. Pihu, E. 1979. Loomade Elu, 4. Köide, Kalad. Valgus, Tallinn. (Ref. 105472) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Lederoun, D., V.H. Ahouanganon, R.A. Dagnide, P. Vandewalle and P. Lalèyè0 Evaluation of length-weight and length-length relationships of some of the most abundant commercial fishes from the Couffo River basin (Benin, West Africa). Fisheries & Aquatic Life 30(2):63-73. (Ref. 128374) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-GeneralDescr-9372 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-04-15 00:00:00 2019-02-14 18:42:44 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9372 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Gregarious schooling species confined to larger lakes and rivers (Ref. 43912). Benthic species, occurs in deep water (Ref. 13851). Feeds mainly on small planktonic and benthic insects and crustaceans (Ref. 13851, 43912). Oviparous, eggs are unguarded (Ref. 205). Rarely exceeds 15 cm TL (Ref. 43912). Usually smoked or sun-dried, after which they are very tasty and may fetch high prices; sometimes ground into fish flour or fish meal and stored for long periods in sealed containers as an insurance against famine (Ref. 43912). De Vos, L. 1995 Results of a systematic revision of African schilbeids at the species level. p.113-364. In L. De Vos. A systematic revision of the African Schilbeidae (Teleostei, Siluriformes) with an annotated bibliography, Chapter 3. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr. Zool. vol. 271. (Ref. 33556) FB-DiagnosticDescr-9372 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Tobias Musschoot 2014-09-18 00:00:00 2019-02-26 21:11:03 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9372 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Diagnosis: dorsal fin absent; adipose fin always present; inner side of pectoral-fin spine variably denticulate, with small to rather well developed serrations; 60-78 soft rays in anal fin (Ref. 43912, 57127, 81643). Vomerine teeth present (Ref. 43912, 81643). In general no small dark blotch at the base of the caudal fin (Ref. 81643).Description: pectoral spines more or less strongly developed (Ref. 81643). 44-50 non-fused vertebrae; gill rakers long; 9-11 branchiostegal rays on one side of head; caudal peduncle as deep as long or slightly deeper than long; important variation in degree of development of serrations on inner side of pectoral spine: individuals from a certain locality sometimes show poor and minute serrations, others from same locality showing more numerous, well developed serrations; lower jaw almost reaching as far as snout; head rounded, dorsum strongly curved; caudal peduncle very short; anal fin sometimes almost continuous with caudal fin; length of circumoral barbels rather variable from one population to another (Ref. 43912). In many respects this species resembles Parailia occidentalis and both species might even be considered as dubiously distinct or are at least very closely related; P. occidentalis can be distinguished from P. pellucida by the presence of a black triangular spot at the base of the anal fin in the former (which, however, also sometimes appears in specimens of P. pellucida), by the lower number of anal fin rays (51-68 in P. occidentalis against 60-78 in P. pellucida), lower number of non-fused vertebrae (41-45 in P. occidentalis versus 44-45 in P. pellucida) and by the fact that small vomerine teeth are present in P. pellucida while they are absent in P. occidentalis (at least in the specimens used for osteological preparations); moreover in examined specimens of P. occidentalis the inner side of the pectoral spine was always feebly to very feebly serrated, while these serrations are generally much better developed in P. pellucida (Ref. 43912).Coloration: in life: body translucent, sometimes covered with small black dots (Ref. 43912, 57127, 81643). Skeleton and small swim-bladder clearly visible through the flesh (Ref. 43912). Preserved specimens: body pale whitish-beige, sometimes with small spots of pigment along lateral line, anal-fin base, head and back (Ref. 43912, 57127, 81643). Grey tail-stripe often present along median caudal fin rays (Ref. 43912). De Vos, L. 2003 Schilbeidae. p. 97-116 In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douce et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Tome 2. Coll. Faune et Flore tropicales 40. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, Museum National d'Histoire Naturalle, Paris, France and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France. 815 p. (Ref. 57127) FB-Morphology-9372 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Tobias Musschoot 2014-09-18 00:00:00 2019-02-26 21:11:03 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9372 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): - 0; Anal spines: 0; Analsoft rays: 60 - 78; Vertebrae: 44 - 50 De Vos, L. 2003 Schilbeidae. p. 97-116 In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douce et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Tome 2. Coll. Faune et Flore tropicales 40. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, Museum National d'Histoire Naturalle, Paris, France and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France. 815 p. (Ref. 57127) FB-Distribution-9372 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-04-15 00:00:00 2017-09-11 21:07:46 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9372 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Africa: Upper Nile to West Africa (Ref. 33556). In west Africa in the Chad basin, Niger, Senegal, Boubo, Bandama, Agnébi, Volta, Mono, Ouémé, Ogun, coastal lagoons of Nigeria and Cross (Ref. 57127). In lower Guinea limited to the Cross and Wouri Rivers (Ref. 81643). De Vos, L. 1995 Results of a systematic revision of African schilbeids at the species level. p.113-364. In L. De Vos. A systematic revision of the African Schilbeidae (Teleostei, Siluriformes) with an annotated bibliography, Chapter 3. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr. Zool. vol. 271. (Ref. 33556) FB-Uses-9372 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-04-15 00:00:00 2019-02-14 18:42:44 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9372 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial Anonymous 1998 Fisheries statistical bulletin, Kainji Lake, Northern Nigeria, 1997. Nigerian-German Kainji Lake Fisheries Promotion Project Technical Report Series 9. 29pp. (Ref. 28265) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) FB-Migration-9372 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-04-15 00:00:00 2019-02-14 18:42:44 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9372 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-LifeCycle-9372 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1994-04-15 00:00:00 2019-02-14 18:42:44 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=9372&StockCode=9694 Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-9372 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1999-09-23 00:00:00 1999-12-13 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ pellucida Feeds on planktonic and benthic organisms (Ref. 13851). Reed, W., J. Burchard., A.J. Hopson, J. Jenness and I. Yaro 1967 Fish and fisheries of Northern Nigeria. Ministry of Agriculture Northern Nigeria, Nigeria. 226 p. (Ref. 13851) FB-Size-9372 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-04-15 00:00:00 2019-02-14 18:42:44 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9372 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats 12.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 57127)) De Vos, L. 2003 Schilbeidae. p. 97-116 In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douce et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Tome 2. Coll. Faune et Flore tropicales 40. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, Museum National d'Histoire Naturalle, Paris, France and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France. 815 p. (Ref. 57127) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-9372 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-04-15 00:00:00 2019-02-14 18:42:44 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=9372 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution demersal; potamodromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater; pH range: 6.5 - 7.2; dH range: 5 - 15 Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)