FB-8917 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8917 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Pleuronectiformes Soleidae Pardachirus Pardachirus marmoratus (Lacepède, 1802) Língua de leite Gespikkelde tongvis Khaufa Tabaq Marmoreret tunge Moses-Seezunge Finless sole Moses sole Speckled sole Mooseksenantura Sole de lait Sheer-sheerto Gala-gala Gayo-gayo Wayo Lenguado de leche 石紋豹鰨 石纹豹鳎 Achirus barbatus Lacepède, 1802 Achirus marmoratus Lacepède, 1802 Achirus punctatus Desjardins, 1837 Paradachirus marmoratus (Lacepède, 1802) Solea marmoratus (Lacepède, 1802) 1994-03-04 2024-03-22 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Bianchi, G.0 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine and brackish-water species of Tanzania. Prepared and published with the support of TCP/URT/4406 and FAO (FIRM) Regular Programme. FAO, Rome. 199 p. (Ref. 2871) Heemstra, P.C. and O. Gon0 Soleidae. p. 868-874. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3200) Menon, A.G.K.0 Soleidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 4. FAO, Rome. pag. var. (Ref. 3505) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral and A. Massinga0 Fichas FAO de identificaçao de espécies para actividades de pesca. Guia de campo das espécies comerciais marinhas e de águas salobras de Moçambique. Publicaçao preparada em collaboraçao com o Instituto de Investigaçao Pesquiera de Moçambique, com financiamento do Projecto PNUD/FAO MOZ/86/030 e de NORAD. Roma, FAO. 1990. 424 p. (Ref. 5213) Lieske, E. and R. Myers0 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710) Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S.0 Marine species of the Sultanate of Oman. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Sultanate of Oman. 412 p. (Ref. 9773) Randall, J.E.0 Coastal fishes of Oman. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 439 p. (Ref. 11441) Anonymous0 Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa. MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium. 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(Ref. 31982) Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 36670) Zajonz, U., M. Khalaf and F. Krupp0 Coastal fish assemblages of the Socotra Archipelago. p.127-170. In Conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity of Socotra Archipelago: marine habitat, biodiversity and fisheries surveys and management. Progress Report of Phase III. Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt. (Ref. 37631) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. 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(Ref. 51086) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin0 An updated checklist of the marine fish fauna of Reunion Island, south-western Indian Ocean. Cybium 28(3):199-216. (Ref. 53568) Pereira, M.A.M.0 Preliminary checklist of reef-associated fishes of Mozambique. Maputo, Ministtry for the Coordination of Environmental Affairs (MICOA). 21 pp. (Ref. 57683) Khalaf, M.A.0 Fish fauna of the Jordanian Coast, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Marine Sciences 15(1):23-50. (Ref. 58021) Baissac, J. de B.0 SWIOP/WP/54 - Checklist of the marine fishes of Mauritius. RAF/87/008/WP/54/90 Regional Project for the Development & Management of Fisheries in the Southwest Indian Ocean. (Ref. 58078) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Carpenter, K.E., F. Krupp, D.A. Jones and U. Zajonz0 Living marine resources of Kuwait, eastern Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. 324 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 68964) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) Randall, J.E. and J.W. Johnson0 Revision of the soled fish genus <i>Pardachirus</i>. Indo-Pac. Fish. (39):22 p. (Ref. 78519) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) Golani, D. and S. V. Bogorodsky0 The fishes of the Red Sea - reappraisal and updated checklist. Zootaxa 2463:1-135. (Ref. 84159) Rajan, P.T., C.R. 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Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) FB-pic-8917-2380 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-10 2010-07-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8917 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Pamar_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Pamar_u0.jpg FB-pic-8917-9171 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-25 1999-11-19 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8917 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats government trawler http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Pamar_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Pamar_u1.jpg FB-pic-8917-9172 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-25 1999-11-19 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8917 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Pamar_u2.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Pamar_u2.jpg FB-pic-8917-24092 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1999-09-10 2005-07-29 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged Chad Thomas General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8917 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Pamar_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Pamar_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-8917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1994-03-04 00:00:00 2024-03-22 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8917 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Occurs in shallow coastal waters, on sand and mud bottoms (Ref. 30573). Feeds mainly on bottom living invertebrates. Marketed fresh. Produces a bitter toxic substance from the bases of the dorsal and anal fin rays that deters predation, even by sharks (Ref. 9710) and thus may prove valuable as a shark repellent (Ref. 4537). Heemstra, P.C. and O. Gon 1986 Soleidae. p. 868-874. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3200) FB-Morphology-8917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1997-02-28 00:00:00 2013-05-03 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8917 Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 63 - 74; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 48 - 55; Vertebrae: 37 - 39 Heemstra, P.C. and O. Gon 1986 Soleidae. p. 868-874. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3200) FB-Distribution-8917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1994-03-04 00:00:00 2011-07-01 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8917 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Western Indian Ocean: Red Sea and Persian Gulf to Durban, South Africa and Sri Lanka (Ref. 30573). Heemstra, P.C. and O. Gon 1986 Soleidae. p. 868-874. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3200) FB-Uses-8917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1994-03-04 00:00:00 2024-03-22 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8917 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: commercial Menon, A.G.K. 1984 Soleidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 4. FAO, Rome. pag. var. (Ref. 3505) FB-TrophicStrategy-8917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2000-12-12 00:00:00 2024-02-06 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public marmoratus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Benthic (Ref. 9773). Occurs in shallow coastal waters, on sand and mud bottoms (Refs. 30573, 9773). Feeds mainly on bottom living invertebrates (Also Ref. 9773). Heemstra, P.C. and O. Gon 1986 Soleidae. p. 868-874. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3200) FB-Size-8917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1994-03-04 00:00:00 2024-03-22 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8917 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 26.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 11441)) Randall, J.E. 1995 Coastal fishes of Oman. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 439 p. (Ref. 11441) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-8917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1994-03-04 00:00:00 2024-03-22 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8917 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy reef-associated; marine; depth range 1 - 15 m (Ref. 3200) Heemstra, P.C. and O. Gon 1986 Soleidae. p. 868-874. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3200)