FB-879 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=879 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Carcharhiniformes Carcharhinidae Carcharhinus Carcharhinus perezii (Poey, 1876) Zarlacz ciemnoskóry Cação Cação fidalgo Estrela Faqueta Fidalgo Marracho areneiro Marracho-faqueta Tubarão-faqueta Donkerhaai Mørkhaj Blauhai Dunkelhai Düsterer Hai Grauhai Schwarzhai Bay-shark Black whaler Black whaler shark Bronze whaler Brown common gray shark Brown dusky shark Brown shark Common whaler Common whaler shark Dusky ground shark Dusky shark Dusky whaler Requin obscur River whaler Shark Shovelnose Slender whaler shark Whaler shark Tõmmu hallhai Sumuhai Rechin Requiem de sable Requin Requin de sable Requin obscur Requin obscure Requin sombre Squalo scuro Cucut lanjaman Hiu lanyam Dotabuka Foty Mörkhaj Köpek balığı Cá Mập sẫm Arenero Cazón Jaquetón Jaqueta Lamia Lobo Melgacho Tiburón amarillo Tiburon arenero Tiburón arenero Tiburón café Tiburón gambuso Tiburón lobo Tiburón marrón Tiburón obscuro Tiburón oscuro Tintorera Zarco Ehouatagbo Fuanda Karcharynos skotinochromos Mdzingwi Merak bulu Metel Mračni morski pes Schemerhaai Shivanga Tauró fosc Καρχαρίνος σκοτεινόχρωμος 大沙 暗体真鲨 暗體真鯊 灰真鯊 灰真鲨 灰色白眼鮫 灰色白眼鲛 Carcharhinus iranzae Fourmanoir, 1961 Carcharhinus lamiella (non Jordan & Gilbert, 1882) Carcharhinus obscurella Deng, Xiong & Zhan, 1981 Carcharias macrurus Ramsay & Ogilby, 1887 Carcharinus iranzae Fourmanoir, 1961 Carcharinus obscurus (Lesueur, 1818) Eulamia obscura (Lesueur, 1818) Galeolamna eblis Whitley, 1944 Galeolamna greyi Owen, 1853 Galeolamna macrurus (Ramsay & Ogilby, 1887) Prionodon obvelatus Valenciennes, 1844 Squalus obscurus Lesueur, 1818 1992-06-15 2024-08-12 Coppola, S.R., W. 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(Ref. 132125) Guillaume, M.M.M. and B. Séret0 Observations of sharks (Elasmobranchii) at Europa Island, a remote marine protected area important for shark conservation in the southern Mozambique Channel. PLoS ONE 16(10):e0253867. (Ref. 132289) Bigal, E., L. Livne, Z. Zemah-Shamir, T. Levy, E. Shemesh, D. Tchernov and A. Scheinin0 Shark shuffle: segregated co-occurrence of multiple dusky and sandbar lineages at a human-altered habitat in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Sci. Rep. 14(19924):1-12. (Ref. 137504) Matley, J.K., L. Meyer, C.N. Roberts, T.M. Clarke, M. Scott, A. Barnett and C. Huveneers0 Resource use of dusky and Galapagos sharks in response to fishing activities at a remote Pacific Island. Sci. Rep. 15(1):31743. (Ref. 137852) FB-pic-878-4138 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-05-29 1998-12-14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=878 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Caobs_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Caobs_u1.gif FB-pic-878-8509 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-14 2001-06-21 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=878 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Caobs_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Caobs_u0.jpg FB-pic-878-8510 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-14 2008-07-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=878 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Caobs_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Caobs_u1.jpg Locality: Eilat, Gulf of Aqaba, Israel. FB-pic-878-10431 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif Robbie N. Cada 1993-07-01 2008-06-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Image can be freely copied and altered, as long as original author and source are properly acknowledged. WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=878 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Caobs_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Caobs_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-878 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=878 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Found in coastal and offshore waters but not oceanic (Ref. 5578). Adults are commonly found at depths of 200-400 m, young in shallower waters (Ref. 5485). A highly and seasonal migratory species over parts of its range (Ref. 6871). Common component of the catch of the shark longline fishery (Ref.58048). Feeds on bottom and pelagic bony fish, sharks, skates, rays, cephalopods, gastropods, crustaceans, sometimes mammalian carrion and inorganic objects (Ref. 5578). Viviparous (Ref. 50449); with litter size number from 3-14 (Ref. 27549). Large adults are potentially dangerous (Ref. 4716, 6871). Utilized fresh, dried-salted, frozen and smoked for human consumption; hides for leather; fins for sharks-fin soup; and liver oil extracted for vitamins (Ref. 244). Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244) FB-DiagnosticDescr-878 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-11-30 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=878 A large shark with a broadly rounded snout, triangular saw-edged upper teeth, curved moderate-sized pectoral fins, and an interdorsal ridge (Ref. 5578). Blue-grey, lead-grey above, white below; tips of pectoral and pelvic fins, as well as lower lobe of caudal fin and dorsal fins often dusky in young, plain in adults (Ref. 9997). Bass, A.J., P.C. Heemstra and L.J.V. Compagno 1986 Carcharhinidae. p. 67-87. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 5485) FB-Morphology-878 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-11-30 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=878 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 0; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 0 Bass, A.J., P.C. Heemstra and L.J.V. Compagno 1986 Carcharhinidae. p. 67-87. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 5485) FB-Distribution-878 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-10-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=878 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Western Atlantic: southern Massachusetts to Florida (USA), Georges Bank, Bahamas, Cuba, northern Gulf of Mexico, Nicaragua, southern Brazil and Uruguay (Ref. 58839). Eastern Atlantic: Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Senegal, Sierra Leone. Some records from the Mediterranean and Madeira may be based on Carcharhinus galapagensis. Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea (Ref. 5485), Mozambique and South Africa to Japan, China, Viet Nam and Australia. Eastern Pacific: southern California, USA to Gulf of California and the Revillagigedo Island. Highly migratory species. Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244) FB-Uses-878 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=878 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) FB-Migration-878 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=878 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-LifeCycle-878 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=878&StockCode=894 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Viviparous, with a yolk-sac placenta, litter size 3-14 pups (Ref. 244); 70-100 cm at birth (Ref. 6871). Gestation period of ~ 16 months (Ref.58048). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Castro, J.I. 1993 The shark nursery of Bulls Bay, South Carolina, with a review of the shark nurseries of the southeastern coast of the United States. Environ. Biol. Fishes 38(1-3):37-48. (Ref. 8613) FB-TrophicStrategy-878 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1998-02-17 00:00:00 2024-04-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ obscurus Occurs on the continental shelf and slope (Ref. 75154). Dusky whales tend to avoid estuaries and areas of low salinity (Refs. 244, 6390). Mostly marine but has been recorded from brackish waters (Ref. 86942). Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244) FB-Size-878 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=878 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 420 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 5578)); max. published weight: 346.5 kg (Ref. 4699); max. reported age: 40 years (Ref. 31395) Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale 1989 Guide to the sharks and rays of southern Africa. New Holland (Publ.) Ltd., London. 158 p. (Ref. 5578) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) Smith, S.W., D.W. Au and C. Show 1998 Intrinsic rebound potential of 26 species of Pacific sharks. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 49:663-678. (Ref. 31395) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-878 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2024-01-22 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=878 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size reef-associated; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 400 m (Ref. 244), usually 200 - 400 m Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)