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Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8701 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Chmac_ue.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Chmac_ue.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-8701 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1993-12-08 00:00:00 2025-12-15 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8701 Adults inhabit silty and weedy bottoms of rivers and ponds or lakes (Ref. 9671). They feed on crustaceans, large insects, frogs and fishes (Ref. 5258). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Recorded as having been or being farmed in rice fields (Ref. 119549). Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino 1984 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) FB-Distribution-8701 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1993-12-08 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8701 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Asia: Japan, southern China, Viet Nam, Taiwan and the Philippines. Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino 1984 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) FB-Uses-8701 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1993-12-08 00:00:00 2025-12-15 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8701 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes Man, S.H. and I.J. Hodgkiss 1981 Hong Kong freshwater fishes. Urban Council, Wishing Printing Company, Hong Kong, 75 p. (Ref. 5258) Liao, C.-I., H.-M. Su and E.Y. Chang 2001 Techniques in finfish larviculture in Taiwan. Aquaculture 200(2001):1-31. (Ref. 40297) IGFA 2009 Database of IGFA angling records until 2009. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 83530) FB-LifeCycle-8701 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1993-12-08 00:00:00 2025-12-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=8701&StockCode=9019 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Distinct pairing during breeding in shallow freshwater areas amid plants (Ref. 205). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-8701 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2000-12-11 00:00:00 2019-07-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public maculata http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Inhabits silty and weedy bottoms of rivers and ponds or lakes (Ref. 9671). Feeds on crustaceans, large insects, frogs and fishes (Ref. 5258). Recorded as having been or being farmed in rice fields (Ref. 119549). Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino 1984 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) FB-Size-8701 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1993-12-08 00:00:00 2025-12-15 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8701 26.6 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 137577)) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and … 2022 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-8701 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1993-12-08 00:00:00 2025-12-15 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8701 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats benthopelagic; non-migratory (Ref. 126106); freshwater Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante 2022 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106)