FB-862 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=862 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Carcharhiniformes Carcharhinidae Carcharhinus Carcharhinus amboinensis (Müller & Henle, 1839) Mederart Teongt Marracho enlutado Grys rifhaai Kortneus-swartsterthaai Jarjur قِرش الحَشَفَة الرَّمادية قِرش ذو الذّيل الأسود Nga-man-nee Žralok černolemý Grå revhaj Grauer Riffhai Black-vee whaler Blacktail reef shark Black-tip reef shark Bronze whaler Fowler's whaler shark Graceful shark Graceful whaler shark Gray reef shark Grey reef shark Grey shark Grey whaler shark Longnose blacktail shark School shark Shark Shortnose blacktail shark Whaler shark Mustsaba-hallhai Qio dravu qiō rewasaqa Dagsit Requin à queue noire Requin bar Requin blanc Requin dagsit Requin de récif Requin gris Requin gris de récif Requin Gris de récif Mano Manô Cucut lanjaman Hiu lanyam Oguromejiro zame Oguro-Mejirozame Pako mej Ikan yu Yu sirip hitam Yu Yu ekor hitam Tomanimanente Mago Malie-aloalo Grå revhaj Mago Magomago Maó raira Raira Pating Chalarm Nah-moo Cá Mập chấm Tiburón coralero rabinegro Tiburón de arrecifes Aga 'Anga Bagea totoho Grijze rifhaai Guliman Hiu lonjor Mauhi Merak bulu Milime Raira Requin gris Te alava Te bakoanimarawa Vah boa miyaru 大沙 韋氏真鯊 韦氏真鲨 黑印白眼鮫 黑印白眼鲛 黑尾真鯊 黑尾真鲨 Carcharhinus amblyrhinchos (Bleeker, 1856) Carcharhinus amblyrhynchus (Bleeker, 1856) Carcharhinus melanopterus (non Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) Carcharhinus menisorrah (non Valenciennes, 1839) Carcharhinus spallanzani (non Péron & Lesueur, 1822) Carcharhinus wheeleri Garrick, 1982 Carcharias amblyrhynchos Bleeker, 1856 Carcharias nesiotes Snyder, 1904 Carcharinus amblyrhynchos (Bleeker, 1856) Carcharinus amblyrhynchus (Bleeker, 1856) Carcharinus amblyrhyncus (Bleeker, 1856) Eulamia melanoptera (non Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) Galeolamna coongoola Whitley, 1964 Galeolamna fowleri Whitley, 1944 Galeolamna tufiensis Whitley, 1949 1992-06-15 2023-06-13 Coppola, S.R., W. 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A rapid biological assessment of Timor-Leste. Conservation International. (Ref. 118793) Friedlander, A.M., J.E. Caselle, E. Ballesteros, E.K. Brown, A. Turchik and E. Sala0 The real bounty: marine biodiversity in the Pitcairn Islands. PLoS ONE 9(6):e100142. (Ref. 121505) Songco, A.0 Personal communication. Tubbataha species list. Excel file "MyReport_Species_21May2019". (Ref. 121724) University of Western Australia0 Pelagic BRUVS data 2019. Video BRUVS from Jessica Meeuwig. (Ref. 121799) Rajan, P.T. and S.S. Mishra0 Fishes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands: An updated checklist. J. Andaman Sci. Assoc. 23(2):148-181. (Ref. 122316) Anonymous, Mike Severns Diving0 Hawaii's Endemic Species. World Wide Web page. https://www.mikesevernsdiving.com/hawaii-endemic-species/. Mike Severns Diving [Accessed 30/09/2022]. (Ref. 122646) University of Western Australia0 Benthic BRUVS data 2019. Video BRUVS from Jessica Meeuwig. (Ref. 122752) van der Elst, Rudy, Simon Chater and Dennis King0 Fishes from Bassas Da India Atoll in the Mozambique Channel. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 629. (Ref. 124899) CITES0 Appendices I, II and III valid from 11 January 2023 and 25 November 2023. UNEP. (Ref. 128078) Bonnin, L., D. Mouillot, G. Boussarie, W.D. Robbins and J.J. Kiszka0 Recent expansion of marine protected areas matches with home range of grey reef sharks. Scientific Reports, 11(1):14221. (Ref. 129271) Espinoza, M., M.R. Heupel, A.J. Tobin and C.A. Simpfendorfer0 Residency patterns and movements of grey reef sharks (<i>Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos</i>) in semi‑isolated coral reef habitats. Mar. Biol. 162:343-358. (Ref. 129277) Balisco, R.A.T., V.S. Ticzon, B.R. Samaniego, W.-C. Huang, B.J. Gonzales and T.-Y. Liao0 Marine fishes of Palawan, Philippines: species diversity, new records, and conservation status. Regional Studies in Marine Science 60(2023) 102825:1-10. (Ref. 130287) CITES0 Appendices I, II and III. UNEP. (Ref. 131153) Ferragut-Perello, F., S. Ramirez-Amaro, A.C. Tsikliras, N. Petit-Marty, D. Dimarchopoulou0 Exploitation and conservation status of the thornback ray (<i>Raja clavata</i>) in the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean). Fishes 8(2):117. (Ref. 132125) Guillaume, M.M.M. and B. Séret0 Observations of sharks (Elasmobranchii) at Europa Island, a remote marine protected area important for shark conservation in the southern Mozambique Channel. PLoS ONE 16(10):e0253867. (Ref. 132289) FB-pic-861-2306 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-07 1998-03-05 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=861 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Caamb_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Caamb_u0.jpg FB-pic-861-4120 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-05-29 1998-12-14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=861 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Caamb_u2.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Caamb_u2.gif FB-pic-861-4145 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-05-29 1998-12-14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=861 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Caamb_u5.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Caamb_u5.gif FB-pic-861-5670 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-09-06 1998-10-28 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=861 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Caamb_u7.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Caamb_u7.jpg FB-pic-861-8492 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-14 2000-07-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=861 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Caamb_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Caamb_u1.jpg FB-pic-861-8493 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-14 2001-08-27 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=861 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy (97 cm PCL); 13 kg.; eviscerated Locality: Ras Muhammad, Sinai, Egypt. http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Caamb_u2.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Caamb_u2.jpg Locality: Ras Muhammad, Sinai, Egypt. FB-pic-861-8494 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-14 2000-07-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=861 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Caamb_u3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Caamb_u3.jpg FB-pic-861-10424 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif Robbie N. Cada 1993-07-01 2008-06-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Image can be freely copied and altered, as long as original author and source are properly acknowledged. WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=861 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Caamb_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Caamb_u0.gif FB-pic-861-11230 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-06-01 2025-04-29 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=861 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Caamb_u6.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Caamb_u6.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-861 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2010-04-05 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=861 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Occurs on continental and insular shelves and oceanic waters adjacent to them (Ref. 244). Common on coral reefs, often in deeper areas near drop-offs to the open sea, in atoll passes, and in shallow lagoons adjacent to areas of strong currents (Ref. 244). Coastal-pelagic near the bottom, near drop-offs at 1-275 m (Ref. 58302). Forms daytime schools or aggregations in favored areas (Ref. 244). Although active during the day, it is more active nocturnally (Ref. 244). Viviparous, with 1-6 pups (Ref. 37816). Feeds on reef fishes, squids, octopi, crabs, lobsters and shrimps (Ref. 244, 5578). Tends to be aggressive under baited conditions (Ref. 6871) and readily enters into a frenzy feeding pattern, at which time it may become quite dangerous. Repeatedly incriminated in human attacks. Utilized for human consumption, fishmeal, and other shark products. Minimum depth from Ref. 6871. Maximum length of female taken from Ref. 5213. Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244) FB-DiagnosticDescr-861 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-09-05 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=861 Dark grey or bronze-grey above, white below; caudal fin with a conspicuous wide black posterior margin; undersides of pectoral and pelvic fins with black tips and posterior margins, but fins otherwise not conspicuously black or white-tipped except for white-tipped first dorsal in some individuals (Ref. 9997). Compagno, L.J.V. and V.H. Niem 1998 Carcharhinidae. Requiem sharks. p. 1312-1360. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific Vol. 2. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 9997) FB-Morphology-861 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-09-05 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=861 Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 0; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 0 Compagno, L.J.V. and V.H. Niem 1998 Carcharhinidae. Requiem sharks. p. 1312-1360. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific Vol. 2. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 9997) FB-Distribution-861 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-12-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=861 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Indo-West Pacific to Central Pacific: Madagascar and the Mauritius-Seychelles area to Tuamoto Archipelago; north to southern China; south to northern Australia. Compagno, L.J.V., D. Dando and S. Fowler 2005 Sharks of the world. Princeton field guides. Harper Collins Publishing Ltd., London. 368 p. (Ref. 58085) FB-Uses-861 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2010-04-05 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=861 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: medium; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family Blaber, S.J.M., D.T. Brewer and A.N. Harris 1994 Distribution, biomass and community structure of demersal fishes of the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 45(3):375-396. (Ref. 9700) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) FB-Migration-861 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2010-04-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=861 Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-LifeCycle-861 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2010-04-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=861&StockCode=877 Viviparous, placental (Ref. 50449). 1-6 pups in a litter (Ref. 244). Gestation period about 12 months (Ref. 244). Size at birth 50 to 60 cm (Ref. 26346, 37816) or 75 cm (Ref. 244). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-861 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1997-09-28 00:00:00 2024-04-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public amblyrhynchos Inhabits tropical waters except regions with coral reefs (Ref. 9137). Occurs on the continental shelf (Ref. 75154). A carnivore (Ref. 9137). Salini, J.P., S.J. Blaber and D.T. Brewer 1992 Diets of sharks from estuaries and adjacent waters of the north-eastern Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 43(1):87-96. (Ref. 13356) FB-Size-861 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2010-04-05 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=861 255 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 2334)); 172 cm TL (female); max. published weight: 33.7 kg (Ref. 4699); max. reported age: 25 years (Ref. 37816) Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene 1990 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) Myers, R.F. 1999 Micronesian reef fishes: a comprehensive guide to the coral reef fishes of Micronesia, 3rd revised and expanded edition. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 330 p. (Ref. 37816) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-861 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2010-04-05 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=861 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology reef-associated; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); marine; depth range 0 - 1000 m (Ref. 55178), usually 0 - 280 m (Ref. 6871) Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Florida Museum of Natural History 2005 Biological profiles: grey reef shark. Retrieved on 26 August 2005, from www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/GReefShark/GReefShark.html. Ichthyology at the Florida Museum of Natural History: Education-Biological Profiles. FLMNH, University of Florida. (Ref. 55178) Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens 1994 Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871)