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	<dc:identifier>FB-854</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=854</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Elasmobranchii</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Carcharhiniformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Scyliorhinidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Scyliorhinus</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Scyliorhinus stellaris (Linnaeus, 1758)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ar'>غرّاء ثَقْب</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='da'>Nethaj</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Chain cat shark</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Chain catshark</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Chain dogfish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Kett-koerhai</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fi'>Syvännepunahai</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Roussette maille</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Alitán mallero</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Kettingkathaai</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>網紋貓鯊</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>网纹猫鲨</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Scyliorhinus retifer retifer (Garman, 1881)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Scyllium retiferum Garman, 1881</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1992-06-15</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2008-01-25</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='92-5-103623-3.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=171&amp;speccode=853'>Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter0 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=853'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=244&amp;speccode=853'>Compagno, L.J.V.0 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=276&amp;speccode=853'>Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174. (Ref. 276)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3383&amp;speccode=853'>Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development0 Multilingual dictionary of fish and fish products. Fishing News Books, Oxford. (Ref. 3383)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4517&amp;speccode=853'>Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&amp;speccode=853'>Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray0 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=10311&amp;speccode=853'>Fritzsch, B. and P. Moller0 A history of electroreception. p. 39-55. In P. Moller (ed.) Electric fishes:history and behavior. Fish and Fisheries Series 17. Chapman &amp; Hall, London. (Ref. 10311)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12204&amp;speccode=853'>Coad, B.W.0 Encyclopedia of Canadian fishes. Canadian Museum of Nature and Canadian Sportfishing Productions Inc. Singapore. (Ref. 12204)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26938&amp;speccode=853'>Smith, C.L.0 National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. (Ref. 26938)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=853'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=33559&amp;speccode=853'>Cortés, E.0 Standardized diet compositions and trophic levels of sharks. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 56:707-717. (Ref. 33559)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=34634&amp;speccode=853'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL). The Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL), Ocean Springs, Mississippi, USA. (Ref. 34634)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35205&amp;speccode=853'>Zaneveld, J.S.0 Caribbean Fish Life. Index to the local and scientific names of the marine fishes and fishlike invertebrates of the Caribbean area (Tropical Western Central Atlantic Ocean). E.J. Brill / Dr. W. Backhuys, Leiden, 163p. (Ref. 35205)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35509&amp;speccode=853'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Intitut fur Seefischerei (ISH). BIOLAB Forschungsinstitut, Hohenwestedt, Germany. (Ref. 35509)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-8018-6048-2' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35766&amp;speccode=853'>Compagno, L.J.V.0 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36670&amp;speccode=853'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 36670)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=37512&amp;speccode=853'>Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein0 Food of northwest Atlantic fishes and two common species of squid. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-NE 155, 138 p. (Ref. 37512)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41414&amp;speccode=853'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=43454&amp;speccode=853'>Bor, P.H.F.0 Nederlandse naamlijst van de recente haaien en roggen (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) van de wereld. World Wide Web electronic publication www.rajidae.tmfweb.nl, version (05/2002). (Ref. 43454)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=47438&amp;speccode=853'>Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=49562&amp;speccode=853'>Pratt, H.L. Jr. and J.C. Carrier0 A review of elasmobranch reproductive behavior with a case study on the nurse, &lt;i&gt;Ginglymostoma cirratum&lt;/i&gt;. Environ. Biol. Fishes 60(1-3):157-188. (Ref. 49562)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=49746&amp;speccode=853'>Wigley, S.E., H.M. McBride and N.J. McHugh0 Length-weight relationships for 74 fish species collected during NEFSC research vessel bottom trawl surveys, 1992-99. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-NE-171. 26 p. (Ref. 49746)</reference>
	<reference isbn='92-5-104825-8' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=50038&amp;speccode=853'>Compagno, L.J.V.0 Scyliorhinidae. Catsharks. p. 444-455. In K.E. Carpenter (ed.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Vol. 1: Introduction, molluscs, crustaceans, hagfishes, sharks, batoid fishes, and chimaeras. (Ref. 50038)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51128&amp;speccode=853'>Castro, J.I., P.M. Bubucis and N.A. Overstrom0 The reproductive biology of the chain dogfish, &lt;i&gt;Scyliorhinus retifer&lt;/i&gt;. Copeia 1988(3):740-746. (Ref. 51128)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51471&amp;speccode=853'>Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1-888569-61-1' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52299&amp;speccode=853'>Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea and J.D. Williams0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. ix, 386 p. + 1 CD. (Ref. 52299)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=55294&amp;speccode=853'>Florida Museum of Natural History0 Biological profiles: chain dogfish. Retrieved on 26 August 2005, from www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/ChainDogfish/ChainDogfish.html. Ichthyology at the Florida Museum of Natural History: Education-Biological Profiles. FLMNH, University of Florida. (Ref. 55294)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=853'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=75549&amp;speccode=853'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='1930665601' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=86779&amp;speccode=853'>Collette, B.B. and G. Klein-MacPhee (eds.)0 Bigelow and Schroeder’s fishes of the Gulf of Maine, third ed. Caldwell, N.J. : Blackburn Press, 577 p.: ill.; 27 cm. (Ref. 86779)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=96293&amp;speccode=853'>Page, L.M., H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea, N.E. Mandrak, R.L. Mayden and J.S. Nelson0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada and Mexico, 7th edition. Bethesda, Maryland: American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 34, 384 p. (Ref. 96293)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=118272&amp;speccode=853'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272)</reference><dataObject>
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	<dcterms:created>1995-05-25</dcterms:created>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Kent E. Carpenter</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1992-06-15 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:description>Found on the outer continental shelf and upper slope on rough, rocky bottom.  Water temperature:  8.5-11.3°C.  Food habits unknown.  Oviparous.  Not utilized at present.  Found in waters 75-550 m deep (Ref. 26938). Lives at depths off 36-230m in the northern portion of its range, and in waters deeper than 460m in its southern range (Ref. 55294). Maximum depth reported taken from Ref. 55584.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=244&amp;speccode=853'>Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Body small and slender; boldly marked body with a pattern of distinct black lines on a pale brownish background.  Origin of the first dorsal fin behind free rear tip of pelvic fin (Ref. 26938).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26938&amp;speccode=853'>Smith, C.L. 1997 National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. (Ref. 26938)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Western Atlantic:  southern New England to Florida in the USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to Nicaragua.  Atlantic coast from Cape Cod to Florida, and west Caribbean from Yucatan to Nicaragua (Ref. 26938).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=244&amp;speccode=853'>Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<reference isbn='92-5-103623-3.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=171&amp;speccode=853'>Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Oviparous, paired eggs are laid.  Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449).  During courtship and prior to copulation, the male bites and wraps female pectoral fin body, tail and gills (Ref. 49562, 51128).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=853'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-853</dc:identifier>
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	<dcterms:created>1992-06-15 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2006-08-09 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=853</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology</subject>
	<dc:description>48.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 26938)); 47 cm TL (female)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26938&amp;speccode=853'>Smith, C.L. 1997 National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. (Ref. 26938)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:language></dc:language>
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	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-853</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1992-06-15 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2006-08-09 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=853</dc:source>
	<dc:description>demersal; marine; depth range 36 - 750 m (Ref. 26938)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26938&amp;speccode=853'>Smith, C.L. 1997 National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. (Ref. 26938)</reference></dataObject>
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