FB-8294 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8294 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Acanthuriformes Pomacanthidae Holacanthus Holacanthus passer Valenciennes, 1846 Galapagos-kejserfisk King angelfish Kalifornia meriinglike Kalifornia plitops Demoiselle royale Angel real Ángel real Ángel rey Bandera Machín bandera Pez ángel Pez bandera 雀点刺蝶鱼 雀點刺蝶魚 1993-08-20 2009-04-29 Thresher, R.E.0 Reproduction in reef fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Neptune City, New Jersey. 399 p. (Ref. 240) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Allen, G.R.0 Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858) Humann, P. and N. DeLoach0 Reef fish identification. Galápagos. New World Publications, Inc., Florida. 267 p. (Ref. 5227) Chirichigno F., N.0 Clave para identificar los peces marinos del Peru. Inf. Inst. Mar. Perú (44):1-387. (Ref. 5530) Merlen, G.0 A field guide to the fishes of Galapagos. Wilmot Books, London, England 60 p. (Ref. 5590) Thomson, D.A.0 Reef fishes of the Sea of Cortez. The rocky-shore fishes of the Gulf of California. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 302 p. (Ref. 5592) Krupp, F. and W. Schneider0 Pomacanthidae. Angeles. p. 1388-1391. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9333) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the University of British Columbia Fish Museum Fish Museum. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. (Ref. 10937) Escobar-Fernández, R. and M. Siri0 Nombres vernáculos y científicos de los peces del Pacífico mexicano. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Sociedad Ictiológica Mexicana, A.C. Mexico. (Ref. 27736) Grove, J.S. and R.J. Lavenberg0 The fishes of the Galápagos Islands. Stanford University Press, Stanford, 863 p. (Ref. 28023) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Gibbons, S.0 Collect fish on stamps. Stanley Gibbons Ltd., London and Ringwood. 418 p. (Ref. 31522) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Pérez-España, H. and L.A. Abitia-Cárdenas0 Description of the digestive tract and feeding habits of the king angelfish and the Cortes angelfish. J. Fish Biol. 48(5):807-817. (Ref. 32883) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Centro Interdisiplinario de Ciencias Marinas. Centro Interdisiplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR), La Paz, Mexico. (Ref. 33624) Arellano-Martínez, M., B.P. Ceballos-Vázquez, F. García-Domínguez and F. Galván-Magaña0 Reproductive biology of the king angelfish <i>Holacanthus passer</i> Valenciennes 1846 in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Bull. Mar. Sci. 65(3):677-685. (Ref. 35487) Aburto-Oropeza, O., E. Sala and C. Sánchez-Ortiz0 Feeding behavior, habitat use, and abundance of the angelfish <i>Holacanthus passer</i> (Pomacanthidae) in the southern Sea of Cortés. Environ. Biol. Fishes 57:435-442. (Ref. 38503) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Béarez, P.0 Lista de los peces marinos del Ecuador continental. Rev. Biol. Trop. 44(2):731-741. (Ref. 40498) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Okey, T.A. and S.A. Sheperd0 Demersal fish assemblages at two depths (6 and 13 m) on Isabela and Fernandina Islands, Galapagos. Program BIOMAR, Charles Darwin Research Station, Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos. 13p. Manuscript. (Ref. 41880) Hardy, J.D. Jr. (comp.)0 Coral reef fish species. NOAANational Oceanographic Data Center. NODC Coral Reef Data and Information Management System. USA. 537 p. (Ref. 48497) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea and J.D. Williams0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. ix, 386 p. + 1 CD. (Ref. 52299) Whiteman, E.A. and I.M. Côté0 Monogamy in marine fishes. Biol. Rev. 79:351-375. (Ref. 52884) Jiménez Prado, P. and P. Béarez0 Peces Marinos del Ecuador continental. Tomo 2: Guía de Especies / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador. Volume 2: Species Guide. SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA. (Ref. 55763) Dominici-Arosemena, A. and M. Wolff0 Reef fish community structure in the Tropical Eastern Pacific (Panamá): living on a relatively stable rocky reef environment. Helgol. Mar. Res. 60:287-305. (Ref. 57615) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Balart, E.F., A. González-Cabello, R.C. Romero-Ponce, A. Zayas-Alvarez, M. Calderón-Parra, L. Campos-Dávila and L.T. Findley0 Length-weight relationships of cryptic reef fishes for the southwestern Gulf of California, México. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 22:316-318. (Ref. 59088) McCosker, J.E. and R.H. Rosenblatt0 The fishes of the Galápagos archipelago: An update. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 61[4(Suppl.2)]:167-195. (Ref. 94512) Patzner, R.A.0 Reproductive strategies of fish. pp. 311-350. In Rocha, M.J., A. Arukwe and B.G. Kapoor (eds). Fish reproduction: cytology, biology and ecology. Science Publisher, Inc. Oxford. 631 p. (Ref. 101194) Sadovy de Mitcheson, Y. and M. Liu0 Functional hermaphroditism in teleosts. Fish Fish. 9(1):1-43. (Ref. 103751) von Vilcinskas, A.0 1000 Kala. Sinisukk. 384 p. (Ref. 105474) Randall, J.E. and A. Diamant0 Examples of symbiosis in tropical marine fishes. J. Ocean Sci. Found. 26:95-115. (Ref. 116196) Fernández-Rivera Melo, F.J., H. Reyes-Bonilla, J.A. López-Rocha and C.A. Salomon-Aguilar0 Growth and mortality of the king angelfish, <i>Holacanthus passer</i> (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Pomacanthidae), in the central Gulf of California, Mexico. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 46(4):293-301. (Ref. 118248) Grove, J.S., D.J. Long, D.R. Robertson and B.C. Victor0 List of fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago, Ecuador. J. Ocean Sci. Found. 39:14-22. (Ref. 127348) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-8294-5291 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-08-10 1996-04-08 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8294 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Hopas_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Hopas_u0.gif FB-pic-8294-6739 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-12-26 1996-04-08 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8294 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Hopas_j0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Hopas_j0.gif FB-pic-8294-39566 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 2004-07-05 2018-10-12 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8294 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Hopas_j0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Hopas_j0.jpg FB-pic-8294-39569 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 2004-07-06 2018-10-12 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8294 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Hopas_u3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Hopas_u3.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-8294 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1993-08-20 00:00:00 2025-11-12 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8294 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Diurnal grazers on sessile invertebrates and algae but specializes to a larger extent on sponges. They also feed on plankton. Reproduction occurs in late summer. Females are more territorial and form pair bonds with the males. Oviparous (Ref. 240). Monogamous and always in home-ranging pairs, that is they do not defend an exclusive territory (Ref. 52884). Sometimes forms mixed aggregations with Pomacanthus zonipectus (Ref. 9333). Cleaning behavior has been observed in juveniles. Thomson, D.A. 1987 Reef fishes of the Sea of Cortez. The rocky-shore fishes of the Gulf of California. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 302 p. (Ref. 5592) FB-Distribution-8294 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1993-08-20 00:00:00 2025-04-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8294 Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to Peru, including the Galapagos Islands. Thomson, D.A. 1987 Reef fishes of the Sea of Cortez. The rocky-shore fishes of the Gulf of California. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 302 p. (Ref. 5592) FB-Uses-8294 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1993-08-20 00:00:00 2025-11-12 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8294 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) FB-LifeCycle-8294 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1993-08-20 00:00:00 2025-11-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=8294&StockCode=8607 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Spawn daily throughout the lunar cycle (Ref. 240). Protogyny has been proposed for this species awaiting confirmation (Ref. 103751). Monogamous mating is observed as both facultative and social (Ref. 52884). Thresher, R.E. 1984 Reproduction in reef fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Neptune City, New Jersey. 399 p. (Ref. 240) FB-TrophicStrategy-8294 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 2000-06-21 00:00:00 2007-08-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public passer http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Diurnal grazer on sessile invertebrates and algae but specializes to a larger extent on sponges. Also feeds on plankton. Sometimes forms mixed aggregations with Pomacanthus zonipectus (Ref. 9333). Cleaning behavior has been observed in juveniles. H. passer in the Sea of Cortés was identified as sponge feeder, an algivore and also a generalist omnivore (Ref. 38503). Omnivore (Ref. 57615). Grove, J.S. and R.J. Lavenberg 1997 The fishes of the Galápagos Islands. Stanford University Press, Stanford, 863 p. (Ref. 28023) FB-Size-8294 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1993-08-20 00:00:00 2025-11-12 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8294 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription 35.6 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 5592)) Thomson, D.A. 1987 Reef fishes of the Sea of Cortez. The rocky-shore fishes of the Gulf of California. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 302 p. (Ref. 5592) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-8294 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1993-08-20 00:00:00 2025-11-12 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8294 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution reef-associated; non-migratory (Ref. 52884); marine; depth range 4 - 30 m (Ref. 5227) Whiteman, E.A. and I.M. Côté 2004 Monogamy in marine fishes. Biol. Rev. 79:351-375. (Ref. 52884) Humann, P. and N. DeLoach 1993 Reef fish identification. Galápagos. New World Publications, Inc., Florida. 267 p. (Ref. 5227)