FB-8196 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8196 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Perciformes/Serranoidei Epinephelidae Epinephelus Epinephelus labriformis (Jenyns, 1840) لُؤز نجمة Flag cabrilla Grouper Red-tipped Rock bass Sea bass Starry grouper Keel-kivikoha Täht-kivikoha Mérou étoile Lokos Cabrilla Cabrilla piedrera Cabrilla pinta Merete del golfo Murico Murique 加州石斑鱼 加洲石斑魚 加洲石斑鱼 Epinephelus ordinatus Cope, 1871 Epinephelus sellicauda Gill, 1862 Serranus labriformis Jenyns, 1840 1993-08-11 2024-08-12 Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter0 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) Eschmeyer, W.N.0 Catalog of the genera of recent fishes. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA. 697 p. (Ref. 1830) Jenyns, L.0 Fish. In C. Darwin (ed.) The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain Fitzroy, R.N., during the years 1832-1836. Smith, Elder & Co., London (in 4 parts): p. 1-32 (Jan. 1840); 33-64 (Jun. 1840); 65-96 (Apr. 1841); 97-172 (Apr. 1842). (Ref. 3157) Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall0 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) Humann, P. and N. DeLoach0 Reef fish identification. Galápagos. New World Publications, Inc., Florida. 267 p. (Ref. 5227) Chirichigno F., N.0 Clave para identificar los peces marinos del Peru. Inf. Inst. Mar. Perú (44):1-387. (Ref. 5530) Merlen, G.0 A field guide to the fishes of Galapagos. Wilmot Books, London, England 60 p. (Ref. 5590) Thomson, D.A.0 Reef fishes of the Sea of Cortez. The rocky-shore fishes of the Gulf of California. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 302 p. (Ref. 5592) Kotlyar, A.N.0 Dictionary of names of marine fishes on the six languages. All Union Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow. 288 p. (Ref. 5969) Romero, M.C., E.E. Barr and A.G. Boa0 Algunos aspectos biológico-pesqueros de la cabrilla <i>Epinephelus labriformes</i> (Jenyns, 1842). Acta Cientifica Potosina 9(2):165-176. (Ref. 7185) Sherborn, C.D.0 Notes on the dates of "The Zoology of the Beagle.". Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 6) 20:483. (Ref. 9124) McCosker, J.E. and R.H. Rosenblatt0 Muraenidae. Morenas. p. 1303-1315. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9324) Heemstra, P.C.0 Serranidae. Meros, serranos, guasetas, enjambres, baquetas, indios, loros, gallinas, cabrillas, garropas. p. 1565-1613. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9342) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the University of British Columbia Fish Museum Fish Museum. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. (Ref. 10937) CENAIM0 A field guide to the edible fishes and shellfishes in coastal waters of Ecuador. Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas (CENAIM), Ecuador. 95 p. (Ref. 11035) Reck, G.K.0 The coastal fisheries in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador: description and consequences for management in the context of marine environmental protection and regional development. Doctoral thesis, Univ. Kiel. 231 p. (Ref. 11295) Sánchez, A.C.0 Listado taxonomico de las especies marinas identificadas en los océanos Pacífico y Atlántico (Caribe) de Nicaragua. Ministerio de Economía y Desarrollo. MEDE PESCA. Managua. 28 p. (Ref. 13613) Anonymous0 Atlas pesquero de México. Instituto Nacional de la Pesca. 234 p. (Ref. 26550) Escobar-Fernández, R. and M. Siri0 Nombres vernáculos y científicos de los peces del Pacífico mexicano. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Sociedad Ictiológica Mexicana, A.C. Mexico. (Ref. 27736) Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Centro Interdisiplinario de Ciencias Marinas. Centro Interdisiplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR), La Paz, Mexico. (Ref. 33624) Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 36670) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Béarez, P.0 Lista de los peces marinos del Ecuador continental. Rev. Biol. Trop. 44(2):731-741. (Ref. 40498) McCosker, J.E. and R.H. Rosenblatt0 Fishes collected at Malpelo Island. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 176:91-93. (Ref. 41373) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Okey, T.A. and S.A. Sheperd0 Demersal fish assemblages at two depths (6 and 13 m) on Isabela and Fernandina Islands, Galapagos. Program BIOMAR, Charles Darwin Research Station, Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos. 13p. Manuscript. (Ref. 41880) Craig, M.T., D.J. Pondella II and J.C. Hafner0 Analysis of age and growth in two eastern Pacific groupers (Serranidae: Epinephelinae). Bull. Mar. Sci. 65(3):807-814. (Ref. 46367) Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea and J.D. Williams0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. ix, 386 p. + 1 CD. (Ref. 52299) Craig, M.T., D.J. Pondella II, J.P.C. Franck and J.C. Hafner0 On the status of the serranid fish genus <i>Epinephelus</i>: evidence for paraphyly based upon 16S rDNA sequence. Mol. Phylo. Evol. 19(1):121-130. (Ref. 55244) Dominici-Arosemena, A. and M. Wolff0 Reef fish community structure in the Tropical Eastern Pacific (Panamá): living on a relatively stable rocky reef environment. Helgol. Mar. Res. 60:287-305. (Ref. 57615) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) Craig, M.T., YJ. Sadovy de Mitcheson and P.C. Heemstra0 Groupers of the world: a field and market guide. North America: CRC Press/Taylor and Francis Group, xix, 356 p., A47 pages appendix. (Ref. 89707) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) McCosker, J.E. and R.H. Rosenblatt0 The fishes of the Galápagos archipelago: An update. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 61[4(Suppl.2)]:167-195. (Ref. 94512) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471) Termeki on Eesti Keele Instituudi0 Termeki on Eesti Keele Instituudi. http://term.eki.ee/termbase/view/7351963/ (Ref. 105574) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Robertson, D.R. and G.R. Allen0 Shorefishes or the tropical eastern Pacific online information system: Fishes. Version 2.0. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama. [Accessed 09/10/2015]. (Ref. 118646) Craig, M.T. and B. Erisman0 <i>Epinephelus labriformis</i>. The IUCN Red List of ThreatenedSpecies 2018: e.T132750A100549669 (Ref. 122035) Craig, M.T., P.A. Hastings, D.J. Pondella, D. Ross Robertson and J.A. Rosales‐Casián0 Phylogeography of the flag cabrilla <i>Epinephelus labriformis</i> (Serranidae): implications for the biogeography of the Tropical Eastern Pacific and the early stages of speciation in a marine shore fish. Journal of Biogeography 33(6):969-979. (Ref. 122036) Garcés, H.0 Lista sistemática preliminar de los peces marinos comerciales del Pacifico de Panama. Tecnociencia, 23(1):198-237. (Ref. 123526) Grove, J.S., D.J. Long, D.R. Robertson and B.C. Victor0 List of fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago, Ecuador. J. Ocean Sci. Found. 39:14-22. (Ref. 127348) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-8196-5466 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-08-15 1996-04-19 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8196 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Eplab_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Eplab_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-8196 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1993-08-11 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8196 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Adults are most abundant in shallow water and also occurs to a depth of at least 30 m. Inhabits rocky area of coastal waters within continental shelf (Ref. 11035). A solitary predator that seems to feed on smaller fishes by day and crustaceans after dark. Spawning occurs in late summer (Ref. 5592). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-DiagnosticDescr-8196 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-13 00:00:00 2013-10-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8196 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Distinguished by the following characteristics: olive green to reddish brown with scattered irregular white and brown spots and blotches; white triangle at the margin of the interspinous dorsal-fin membranes and bright white tag at the tip of each spine; juveniles with black spots on the top of head and median fins reddish distally with white edge; small black saddle on peduncle; inside of mouth is red; depth of body contained 2.7-3.1 times in SL; head length 2.2-2.5 times in SL; flat interorbital area; rounded preopercle, finely serrate, slightly enlarged ventral serrae; smooth subopercle and interopercle; slightly convex upper edge of operculum; subequal anterior and posterior nostrils (Ref. 89707). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Morphology-8196 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-13 00:00:00 2013-10-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8196 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 16 - 18; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8 Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Distribution-8196 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1993-08-11 00:00:00 2020-04-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8196 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Eastern Pacific: Baja California, Mexico to Peru, including the offshore islands of Cocos, Revillagigedo, and the Galapagos Islands. Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Uses-8196 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1993-08-11 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8196 fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: very high; price reliability: questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this genus Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) IGFA 2009 Database of IGFA angling records until 2009. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. FB-TrophicStrategy-8196 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2000-11-27 00:00:00 2020-04-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public labriformis http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Adults are most abundant in shallow water and also occurs to a depth of at least 30 m. Inhabits rocky area or substrate (Refs. 11035, 122036) of coastal waters within continental shelf (Ref. 11035) as well as in rocky reefs (Ref. 122035). A solitary predator that seems to feed on smaller fishes by day and crustaceans after dark. Carnivore (Ref. 57615). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Size-8196 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1993-08-11 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8196 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats 60.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 11035)) CENAIM 1992 A field guide to the edible fishes and shellfishes in coastal waters of Ecuador. Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas (CENAIM), Ecuador. 95 p. (Ref. 11035) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-8196 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1993-08-11 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8196 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution demersal; marine; depth range 1 - 50 m (Ref. 118646) Robertson, D.R. and G.R. Allen 2015 Shorefishes or the tropical eastern Pacific online information system: Fishes. Version 2.0. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama. [Accessed 09/10/2015]. (Ref. 118646)