FB-7864 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7864 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Mugiliformes Mugilidae Osteomugil Osteomugil robustus (Günther, 1861) Tainha robusta Wilde harder Robust multe Robust mullet Muge Mulet Mulet robuste Jebojebo Kelimanitra Kelimany 強鯔 强鲻 腋斑凡鯔 腋斑凡鲻 Moolgarda robusta (Günther, 1861) Mugil robustus Günther, 1861 Valamugil robustus (Günther, 1861) 1993-04-16 2017-08-09 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Smith, M.M. and J.L.B. Smith0 Mugilidae. p. 714-720. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4393) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral and A. Massinga0 Fichas FAO de identificaçao de espécies para actividades de pesca. Guia de campo das espécies comerciais marinhas e de águas salobras de Moçambique. Publicaçao preparada em collaboraçao com o Instituto de Investigaçao Pesquiera de Moçambique, com financiamento do Projecto PNUD/FAO MOZ/86/030 e de NORAD. Roma, FAO. 1990. 424 p. (Ref. 5213) Smith, J.L.B.0 Fishes of Inhaca. p. 131-136. In W. Macnae and M. Kalk (eds.) A natural history of Inhaca Island, Moçambique. Witwatersrand University Press, Johannesburg. (Ref. 5285) Marquet, G., B. Séret and R. Lecomte-Finiger0 Inventaires comparés des poissons des eaux intérieures de trois îles océaniques tropicales de l'Indo-Pacifique (la Réunion, la Nouvelle-Calédonie et Tahiti). Cybium 21(1 suppl.):27-34. (Ref. 13246) Kiener, A.0 Poissons, pêche et pisciculture à Madagascar. Publ. Centre Techn. For. Trop. 24:244 p. (Ref. 13296) McDowall, R.M.0 Diadromy in fishes: migrations between freshwater and marine environments. Croom Helm, London. (Ref. 26213) Reinthal, P.N. and M.L.J. Stiassny0 Revision of the Madagascan genus <i>Ptychochromoides</i> (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with description of a new species. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 7(3-4):353-368. (Ref. 26236) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 36670) Harrison, T.D.0 Length-weight relationships of fishes from South African estuaries. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 17(1):46-48. (Ref. 37813) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. (Ref. 40919) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Keith, P., E. Vigneux and P. Bosc0 Atlas des poissons et des crustacés d'eau douce de La Réunion. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Patrimoines Naturels 39:136p. (Ref. 48660) Riede, K.0 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin0 An updated checklist of the marine fish fauna of Reunion Island, south-western Indian Ocean. Cybium 28(3):199-216. (Ref. 53568) Blaber, S.J.M.0 The feeding ecology and relative abundance of mullet (Mugilidae) in Natal and Pondoland estuaries. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 9:259-275. (Ref. 56100) Blaber, S.J.M.0 The food and feeding ecology of Mugilidae in the St. Lucia lake systems. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 8:267-277. (Ref. 56548) Baissac, J. de B.0 SWIOP/WP/54 - Checklist of the marine fishes of Mauritius. RAF/87/008/WP/54/90 Regional Project for the Development & Management of Fisheries in the Southwest Indian Ocean. (Ref. 58078) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) van der Elst, R.P. and J.H. Wallace0 Identification of the juvenile mullet of the east coast of South Africa. J. Fish Biol. 9(4):371-374. (Ref. 74906) Fricke, R., T. Mulachau, P. Durville, P. Chabanet, E. Tessier and Y. Letourneur0 Annotated checklist of the fish species (Pisces) of La Réunion, including a Red List of threatened and declining species. Stuttg. Beitr. Naturk. A, N. Ser., 2:1-168. (Ref. 82332) Durand, J.-D., K.-N. Shen, W.-J. Chen, B.W. Jamandre, H. Blel, K. Diop, M. Nichio, F.J. Garcia de León, A.K. Whitfield, C-W. Chang and P. Borsa0 Systematics of the grey mullets (Teleostei: Mugiliformes: Mugilidae): Molecular phylogenetic evidence challenges two centuries of morphology-based taxonomy. Mol. Phylogen. Evol. 64:73-92. (Ref. 90274) Patzner, R.A.0 Reproductive strategies of fish. pp. 311-350. In Rocha, M.J., A. Arukwe and B.G. Kapoor (eds). Fish reproduction: cytology, biology and ecology. Science Publisher, Inc. Oxford. 631 p. (Ref. 101194) Durand, J.-D. and P. Borsa0 Mitochondrial phylogeny of grey mullets (Acanthopterygii: Mugilidae) suggests high proportion of cryptic species. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 338(4): 266-277. (Ref. 114224) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) FB-GeneralDescr-7864 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1993-04-16 00:00:00 2017-08-09 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7864 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Inhabit coastal waters including estuaries (Ref. 5213). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Smith, M.M. and J.L.B. Smith 1986 Mugilidae. p. 714-720. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4393) FB-DiagnosticDescr-7864 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1997-03-01 00:00:00 2003-09-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7864 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Silvery in color, dusky above, sometimes with a golden opercular spot; faint stripes along scale rows; pectoral fins with an axillary spot (Ref. 4393). Keith, P., E. Vigneux and P. Bosc 1999 Atlas des poissons et des crustacés d'eau douce de La Réunion. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Patrimoines Naturels 39:136p. (Ref. 48660) FB-Morphology-7864 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1997-03-01 00:00:00 2003-09-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7864 Dorsal spines (total): 5; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 9 Keith, P., E. Vigneux and P. Bosc 1999 Atlas des poissons et des crustacés d'eau douce de La Réunion. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Patrimoines Naturels 39:136p. (Ref. 48660) FB-Distribution-7864 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1993-04-16 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7864 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Western Indian Ocean: Inhambane, Mozambique to Transkei, South Africa; also Madagascar. Smith, M.M. and J.L.B. Smith 1986 Mugilidae. p. 714-720. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4393) FB-Uses-7864 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1993-04-16 00:00:00 2017-08-09 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7864 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: commercial Bauchot, M.-L. and G. Bianchi 1984 Fiches FAO d'identification des espèces pour les besoins de la pêche. Guide des poissons commerciaux de Madagascar (espèces marines et d'eaux saumâtres). Avec le support du Programme des Nations Unies pour le Développement (Project RAF/79/065). Rome, FAO. 135 p. FB-Migration-7864 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1993-04-16 00:00:00 2017-08-09 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7864 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Catadromous. Migrating from freshwater to the sea to spawn, e.g., European eels. Subdivision of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-TrophicStrategy-7864 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Grace Tolentino Pablico 2008-04-16 20:07:21 2008-06-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public robustus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Inhabit coastal waters including estuaries (Ref. 5213). Blaber, S.J.M. 1976 The food and feeding ecology of Mugilidae in the St. Lucia lake systems. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 8:267-277. (Ref. 56548) FB-Size-7864 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1993-04-16 00:00:00 2017-08-09 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7864 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology 30.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4393)) Smith, M.M. and J.L.B. Smith 1986 Mugilidae. p. 714-720. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4393) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-7864 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1993-04-16 00:00:00 2017-08-09 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7864 pelagic-neritic; catadromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater; brackish; marine Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)