FB-7614 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7614 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Rajiformes Rajidae Leucoraja Leucoraja circularis (Couch, 1838) Sandrokke Sandskate Raja piaskowa Raia-de-São-Pedro Raje e rrumbullaket شفنين بحري دائرية Morgath gron Sandrokke Sandroche Sandrochen Cuckoo ray Sandy ray Sandy skate Ümar helerai Sandskøta Hietarausku Raie circulaire Raie ronde Raie ronde circulaire Raža smeđa Sandskata Razza rotonda Raza smedjana Sandrocka Kum vatozu Kumvatozu balığı Vatoz Raya circular Raya falsa vela Peščena raža Rajada d' anells Rajada d'anells Salahi Strogylovatos Zandrog Βάτος Ράγια Ράτσα Ρίνα Σαλάχι Στρογγυλόβατος 圆盘鳐 圓盤鰩 Raja circularis Couch, 1838 Raja falsavela Bonaparte, 1839 Raja falsavela intermedia Döderlein, 1884 Raja falsavela maggiore Döderlein, 1884 Raja quadrimaculata (non Risso, 1827) 1993-03-13 2024-01-25 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. 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(www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) Weigmann, S., M.F.W. Stehmann, B. Séret and H. Ishihara0 Description of a remarkable new skate species of <i>Leucoraja</i> Malm, 1877 (Rajiformes, Rajidae) from the Southwestern Indian Ocean: introducing 3D modeling as an innovative tool for the visualization of clasper characters. Biology 13:1-46. (Ref. 131089) Ferragut-Perello, F., S. Ramirez-Amaro, A.C. Tsikliras, N. Petit-Marty, D. Dimarchopoulou0 Exploitation and conservation status of the thornback ray (<i>Raja clavata</i>) in the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean). Fishes 8(2):117. (Ref. 132125) FB-pic-7614-18782 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1998-12-20 2010-07-09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7614 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Lecir_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Lecir_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-7614 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1993-03-13 00:00:00 2024-01-25 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7614 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Found in offshore shelf waters and on upper slope, mainly around the 100 m line (Ref. 3167). Depth range from 70-275 m (Ref. 03167), and from 463-676 m in eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Feed on all kinds of bottom animals (Ref. 3167). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 8.3-9.2 cm long and 4.6-5.3 cm wide (Ref. 41303, 41251, 41311). Maximum length for female is 117 cm (Ref. 41333). McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn 1998 Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314) FB-DiagnosticDescr-7614 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Gert Boden 2001-07-12 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7614 Snout short, its tip somewhat pronounced; upper surface entirely spinulose, about 8 thorns generally in a complete row around inner margin of eye and a triangle of thorns on nape or shoulder region; underside with prickles only on snout, between gill-slits, along abdomen, and at anterior margins of disc; tail only slightly longer than body; upper surface reddish-brown to dark brown with 4-6 creamy spots on each wing, underside white (Ref. 3167). Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel 1984 Rajidae. p. 163-196. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 3167) FB-Morphology-7614 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Gert Boden 2001-07-12 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7614 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Dorsal spines (total): 0; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 0 Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel 1984 Rajidae. p. 163-196. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 3167) FB-Distribution-7614 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1993-03-13 00:00:00 2025-11-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7614 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Eastern Atlantic (Iceland, southern Norway, Skagerrak and Morocco) and the Mediterranean Sea. Records as far south to Mauritania and Senegal could not be verified due to lacking descriptions and specimens; most are probably misidentifications of Leucoraja leucosticta. Stehmann, M. 1990 Rajidae. p. 29-50. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic. Junta Nacional de Investigaçao Cientifica e Tecnológica, Lisbon, Portugal. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4426) FB-Uses-7614 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1993-03-13 00:00:00 2024-01-25 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7614 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: minor commercial; price category: medium; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel 1984 Rajidae. p. 163-196. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 3167) FB-LifeCycle-7614 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1993-03-13 00:00:00 2024-01-25 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=7614&StockCode=7918 Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). With no definite egg laying period (Ref. 3167). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-Size-7614 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1993-03-13 00:00:00 2024-01-25 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7614 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology 120 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4426)); 117 cm TL (female) Stehmann, M. 1990 Rajidae. p. 29-50. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic. Junta Nacional de Investigaçao Cientifica e Tecnológica, Lisbon, Portugal. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4426) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-7614 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Liza Q. Agustin 1993-03-13 00:00:00 2024-01-25 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7614 demersal; marine; depth range 10 - 800 m (Ref. 106604) Weigmann, S. 2016 Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. J. Fish Biol. 88(1):1-201. (Ref. 106604)