FB-740 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=740 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Heterodontiformes Heterodontidae Heterodontus Heterodontus galeatus (Günther, 1870) قرش نوّام مُقَرَّن Kalifornský žralok plochozubý Californisk hornhaj Stierkopfhai Horn shark Kalifornia härghai Sarvihai Requin dormeur cornu бычья-акула американская калифорнийская бычья акула Dormilón cornudo Gata Tiburón cabeza de toro Tiburón cornudo Tiburón gato Tiburón puerco Californische stierkophaai Rogati bikoglavec 佛氏虎鯊 佛氏虎鲨 Cestracion francisci Girard, 1855 Heterodontis francisci (Girard, 1855) Heterodontis francisi (Girard, 1855) Heterodontus californicus (non Herald, 1961) 1992-06-15 2017-06-06 Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter0 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. 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(Ref. 43454) Ricker, W.E.0 Russian-English dictionary for students of fisheries and aquatic biology. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa. (Ref. 48321) Pratt, H.L. Jr. and J.C. Carrier0 A review of elasmobranch reproductive behavior with a case study on the nurse, <i>Ginglymostoma cirratum</i>. Environ. Biol. Fishes 60(1-3):157-188. (Ref. 49562) Dulvy, N.K. and J.D. Reynolds0 Evolutionary transitions among egg-laying, live-bearing and maternal inputs in sharks and rays. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B: Biol. Sci. 264:1309-1315. (Ref. 50449) Hanel, L. and J. Novák0 České názvy zivočichů V. Ryby a ryboviti obratlovci (Pisces) 3., maloústí (Gonorhynchiformes) - máloostní (Cypriniformes). Národní muzeum (zoologické oddělení), Praha. (Ref. 51055) Dempster, R.P. and E.S. Herald0 Notes on the hornshark, <i>Heterodontus francisci</i>, with observations on mating activities. Occ. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci. 33:1-7. (Ref. 51127) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea and J.D. Williams0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. ix, 386 p. + 1 CD. (Ref. 52299) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Clark, J.0 Aquarium records. Not given. (Ref. 72467) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. 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Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Pihu, E.0 Loomade elu 4. köide. Kalad. Pihu, E. 1979. Loomade Elu, 4. Köide, Kalad. Valgus, Tallinn. (Ref. 105472) Weigmann, S.0 Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. J. Fish Biol. 88(1):1-201. (Ref. 106604) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717) De La Cruz-Aguero, J., F.J. García-Rodríguez and V.M. Cota-Gómez0 Length-weight relationship of five elasmobranch species from the Pacific coast of Mexico. Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 18:1005-1007. (Ref. 122638) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868) Meese, E.N. and C.G. Lowe0 Active acoustic telemetry tracking and tri-axial accelerometers reveal fine-scale movement strategies of a non-obligate ram ventilator. Movement Ecology 8(1). (Ref. 130018) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) Prinzing, T.S., J.S. Bigman, Z.R. Skelton, N.K. Dulvy and N.C. Wegner0 The allometric scaling of oxygen supply and demand in the California horn shark, <i>Heterodontus francisci</i>. J. Exp. Biol. 226(15):jeb246054. (Ref. 132250) FB-pic-739-3812 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-05-17 1998-12-14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=739 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Hefra_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Hefra_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-739 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2020-08-14 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=739 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Sluggish, nocturnal, and mostly solitary species. Inhabit rocky bottoms, kelp beds, sandy draws between rocks, on sand flats, deep crevices and small caves and also large underwater caverns. Adults tend to return to the same resting place every day (Ref. 43278). Feed on benthic invertebrates, especially sea urchins, crabs and probably abalone, also fishes. Oviparous (Ref. 50449). May bite back when harassed. Has broad muscular paired fins used as limbs for clambering on the bottom. Catch reduced to fish meal; fin spines used in production of jewels. Compagno, L.J.V. 2001 Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Vol. 2. Bullhead, mackerel and carpet sharks (Heterodontiformes, Lamniformes and Orectolobiformes). FAO Spec. Cat. Fish. Purp. 1(2):269 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 43278) FB-Distribution-739 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2025-10-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=739 Eastern Pacific: central California, USA to the Gulf of California, and probably Ecuador and Peru. Compagno, L.J.V. 2001 Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Vol. 2. Bullhead, mackerel and carpet sharks (Heterodontiformes, Lamniformes and Orectolobiformes). FAO Spec. Cat. Fish. Purp. 1(2):269 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 43278) FB-Uses-739 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2020-08-14 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=739 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: public aquariums; price category: unknown; price reliability: Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) Ferguson, A. and G. Cailliet 1990 Sharks and rays of the Pacific Coast. Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, California, USA. 64 p. (Ref. 12091) FB-LifeCycle-739 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2020-08-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=739&StockCode=755 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Oviparous (Ref. 205). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Courtship starts when the male chases the female, then when both are ready, they drop to the bottom (Ref. 43278). During courtship and prior to copulation, the male bites and wraps its body to the female pectoral fin, body, tail, and gills (Ref. 51127, 49562). The male then inserts a single clasper in the female's cloaca; copulation lasts 30 to 40 min. After one or two weeks later, the eggs are laid in about 11 to 14 intervals for 4 months which were deposited under rocks or in crevices, as was observed in nature. In captivity, the female drops the eggs on the bottom where the contents of the egg cases maybe eaten by these sharks; the eggs are hatched in 7 to 9 months. The young begin to feed one month after hatching (Ref. 43278). Compagno, L.J.V. 2001 Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Vol. 2. Bullhead, mackerel and carpet sharks (Heterodontiformes, Lamniformes and Orectolobiformes). FAO Spec. Cat. Fish. Purp. 1(2):269 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 43278) FB-TrophicStrategy-739 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 2000-03-25 00:00:00 2005-12-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public francisci http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Sluggish, nocturnal, and mostly solitary species. Inhabits rocky bottoms, kelp beds, sandy draws between rocks, on sand flats, deep crevices and small caves and also large underwater caverns. Adults tend to return to the same resting place every day (Ref. 43278). Feeds on benthic invertebrates, especially sea urchins, crabs and probably abalone, also fishes. Also in Ref. 9137. Cortés, E. 1999 Standardized diet compositions and trophic levels of sharks. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 56:707-717. (Ref. 33559) FB-Size-739 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2020-08-14 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=739 122 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 247)); max. reported age: 12 years (Ref. 72467) Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247) Clark, J. 1963 Aquarium records. Not given. (Ref. 72467) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-739 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2020-08-14 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=739 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats demersal; marine; depth range 0 - 152 m (Ref. 106604), usually 2 - 11 m (Ref. 9253) Weigmann, S. 2016 Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. J. Fish Biol. 88(1):1-201. (Ref. 106604) Compagno, L.J.V., F. Krupp and W. Schneider 1995 Tiburones. p. 647-744. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9253)