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	<dc:identifier>FB-7117</dc:identifier>
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	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Scombriformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Gempylidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Paradiplospinus</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Paradiplospinus gracilis (Brauer, 1906)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ar'>سمك جِراب أنيق</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='da'>Sydafrikansk slangemakrel</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Slender escolar</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Snake mackerel</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Aafrika lõunagempüül</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Escolier élégant</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ja'>Hosonaga-kurotachi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ja'>Minamihoso-kurotachi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Escolar magro</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>細身副雙棘蛇鯖</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>细身副双棘蛇鲭</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Diplospinus gracilis (Brauer, 1906)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Lepidopus gracilis Brauer, 1906</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Paradiplospinus antarcticus (non Andriashev, 1960)</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1993-01-23</dcterms:created>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4408&amp;speccode=7117'>Nakamura, I.0 Gempylidae. p. 825-829. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4408)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4517&amp;speccode=7117'>Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5014&amp;speccode=7117'>Brauer, A.0 Die Tiefseefische. I. Systematischer Teil. Wiss. Ergebn. dt. Tiefsee-Exp. 'Valdivia', 1906-1908, Iena 15 (1):1-432. (Ref. 5014)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5201&amp;speccode=7117'>Nakamura, I.0 Gempylidae. p. 402-403. In O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Fishes of the Southern Ocean. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. 462 p. (Ref. 5201)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6181&amp;speccode=7117'>Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin0 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 15. Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world (families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the snake mackerels, snoeks, escolars, gemfishes, sackfishes, domine, oilfish, cutlassfishes,. scabbardfishes, hairtails, and frostfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(15):136 p. (Ref. 6181)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=10816&amp;speccode=7117'>Parin, N.V.0 Gempylidae. p. 965-972. In J. C. Quéro, J. C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 10816)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12036&amp;speccode=7117'>Moteki, M., K. Fujita and H. Kohno0 Stomach contents of longnose lancetfish, &lt;i&gt;Alepisaurus ferox&lt;/i&gt;, in Hawaiian and central equatorial Pacific waters. J. Tokyo Univ. of Fish. 80(1):121-137. (Ref. 12036)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=27363&amp;speccode=7117'>Nakamura, I., T. Inada, M. Takeda and H. Hatanaka0 Important fishes trawled off Patagonia. Japan Marine Fishery Resource Research Center, Tokyo. 369 p. (Ref. 27363)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=7117'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35509&amp;speccode=7117'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Intitut fur Seefischerei (ISH). BIOLAB Forschungsinstitut, Hohenwestedt, Germany. (Ref. 35509)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36670&amp;speccode=7117'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 36670)</reference>
	<reference isbn='92-5-104345-0' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36731&amp;speccode=7117'>Bianchi, G., K.E. Carpenter, J.-P. Roux, F.J. Molloy, D. Boyer and H.J. Boyer0 FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. Field guide to the living marine resources of Namibia. FAO, Rome. 265 p. (Ref. 36731)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=75154&amp;speccode=7117'>Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton and G.R. Allen0 Fishes. In Beasley, O.L. and A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 35 Australia: ABRS &amp; CSIRO Publishing, 2178 p. (Ref. 75154)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='978-92-5-133094-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=123424&amp;speccode=7117'>Sutton, T.T., P.A. Hulley, R. Wienerroither, D. Zaera-Perez and J.R. Paxton0 Identification guide to the mesopelagic fishes of the central and south east Atlantic Ocean. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. Rome: FAO, xvi+327 p. (Ref. 123424)</reference><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Astrid Jarre-Teichmann</agent>
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	<dc:description>Occurs in the upper continental slope (Ref. 6181).  Juveniles probably pelagic (probably mesopelagic) (Ref. 6181).  Specimens 35 to 40 cm SL had ripe gonads (Ref. 6181).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6181&amp;speccode=7117'>Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 15. Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world (families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the snake mackerels, snoeks, escolars, gemfishes, sackfishes, domine, oilfish, cutlassfishes,. scabbardfishes, hairtails, and frostfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(15):136 p. (Ref. 6181)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6181&amp;speccode=7117'>Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 15. Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world (families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the snake mackerels, snoeks, escolars, gemfishes, sackfishes, domine, oilfish, cutlassfishes,. scabbardfishes, hairtails, and frostfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(15):136 p. (Ref. 6181)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Dorsal spines (total): 35 - 38; Dorsal soft rays (total): 26 - 30;  Analspines: 2; Analsoft rays: 24 - 29; Vertebrae: 60 - 64</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6181&amp;speccode=7117'>Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 15. Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world (families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the snake mackerels, snoeks, escolars, gemfishes, sackfishes, domine, oilfish, cutlassfishes,. scabbardfishes, hairtails, and frostfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(15):136 p. (Ref. 6181)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Southeast Atlantic:  known only from off Namibia and western South Africa.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6181&amp;speccode=7117'>Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 15. Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world (families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the snake mackerels, snoeks, escolars, gemfishes, sackfishes, domine, oilfish, cutlassfishes,. scabbardfishes, hairtails, and frostfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(15):136 p. (Ref. 6181)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Astrid Jarre-Teichmann</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1993-01-23 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>1998-09-10 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>John E. Randall</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7117</dc:source>
	<subject></subject>
	<dc:description>52.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 27121))</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=27121&amp;speccode=7117'>Bianchi, G., K.E. Carpenter, J.-P. Roux, F.J. Molloy, D. Boyer and H.J. Boyer 1999 FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. Field guide to the living marine resources of Namibia. FAO, Rome. 265p. (Ref. 27121)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Threats-2</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>John E. Randall</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<subject></subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-7117</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Crispina B. Binohlan</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1993-01-23 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>1998-09-10 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>John E. Randall</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=7117</dc:source>
	<subject></subject>
	<dc:description>bathydemersal; marine; depth range 368 - 626 m (Ref. 6181)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6181&amp;speccode=7117'>Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 15. Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world (families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the snake mackerels, snoeks, escolars, gemfishes, sackfishes, domine, oilfish, cutlassfishes,. scabbardfishes, hairtails, and frostfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(15):136 p. (Ref. 6181)</reference></dataObject>
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