FB-6783 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6783 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Cichliformes Cichlidae Haplochromis Haplochromis mentatus Regan, 1925 Entonga 短頦樸麗魚 短颏朴丽鱼 Harpagochromis mentatus (Regan, 1925) 1992-12-16 2022-06-09 Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl0 Aquarien atlas. Bd. 3. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 1104 p. (Ref. 2059) van Oijen, M.J.P., J. Snoeks, P.H. Skelton, C. Maréchal and G.G. Teugels0 Haplochromis. p. 100-184. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 4983) Anonymous0 Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa. MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium. (Ref. 12818) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Vranken, N., M. Van Steenberge, A. Heylen, E. Decru and J. Snoeks0 From a pair to a dozen: the piscivorous species of <i>Haplochromis</i> (Cichlidae) from the Lake Edward system. Eur. J. Taxon. 815:1-94. (Ref. 126312) Regan, C.T.0 Three new cichlid fishes of the genus <i>Haplochromis</i> from Lake Edward, Central Africa. Occ. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat Hist. 5:187-188. (Ref. 126325) FB-GeneralDescr-6783 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Guy Teugels 1992-12-16 00:00:00 2022-06-09 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6783 Found in offshore areas, mostly in shallow waters (Ref. 126312). Based on its morphology, most probably a piscivorous species (Ref. 126312). Vranken, N., M. Van Steenberge, A. Heylen, E. Decru and J. Snoeks 2022 From a pair to a dozen: the piscivorous species of <i>Haplochromis</i> (Cichlidae) from the Lake Edward system. Eur. J. Taxon. 815:1-94. (Ref. 126312) FB-DiagnosticDescr-6783 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Gert Boden 2022-06-09 00:00:00 2022-06-09 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6783 Diagnosis: Species with a piscivorous morphology; body shallow, body depth 29.0-32.3% of standard length; snout very acute in dorsal and lateral views; outer oral teeth few and large, number of upper outer teeth 28-46; vertebrae many, 30-32; dominant males yellow-green with a red anterior part of flank (Ref. 126312). Amongst piscivorous species from the Lake Edward system, Haplochromis mentatus differs from H. latifrons by the combination of a longer dorsal fin base, dorsal-fin base 50.3-54.2% of standard length vs. 47.2-50.1%; a weakly vs. strongly prominent premaxillary pedicel; a steeper sloping lower jaw side, 30-45° vs. 25-30°; and absence vs. presence of a well-defined mid-lateral band (Ref. 126312). It differs from H. rex and H. aquila by the combination of a longer caudal peduncle, caudal peduncle length 15.7-17.5% of standard length vs. 13.5-16.2%; a gentler sloping snout, 30-35° vs. 35-50°; and dominant males yellow-green with a red anterior part of flank vs. cream-coloured with an orange operculum, or light grey with a black head, respectively; further from H. rex by a lower number of infraorbital cheek scales, 3-4 vs. 5-6, rarely 4 or 7; further from H. aquila by smaller eyes, eye diameter 25.4-29.9% of head length vs. 30.0-31.5% (Ref. 126312). It differs from H. simba by the combination of a broader interorbital area, interorbital width 51.3-61.0% of head width vs. 45.5-50.4%; a larger number of outer upper jaw teeth, 28-46 vs. 22-31; absent to weakly prominent vs. strongly prominent premaxillary pedicel and mentum; and dominant males yellow-green with a red anterior part of flank vs. yellow with an orange anterior part of flank (Ref. 126312). It differs from H. glaucus by the combination of a longer caudal peduncle, caudal peduncle length 15.7-17.5% of standard length vs. 13.4-16.1%; a narrower lower pharyngeal bone, lower pharyngeal width 83.6-85.7% of lower pharyngeal length vs. 93.3-95.1%; a slightly shorter pre-pectoral distance, 33.1-38.2% of standard length vs. 36.4-39.4%; and dominant males yellow-green with a red anterior part of flank vs. uniformly blue (Ref. 126312). It differs from H. kimondo and H. quasimodo by the combination of a narrower head, head width 39.4-42.3% of head length vs. 42.0-48.1%; and dominant males yellow-green with a red anterior part of flank vs. grey dorsally and yellow or blue-black ventrally; further from H. kimondo by a very acute vs. blunt snout, and a gentler sloping snout, 30-35° vs. 40-50°; further from H. quasimodo by a shallower body, body depth 27.2-30.1% of standard length vs. 33.5-41.7% (Ref. 126312). It differs from H. falcatus by the combination of a shorter predorsal distance, 33.3-36.4% of standard length vs. 36.9-41.1%; a shorter head, head length 33.4-37.0% of standard length vs. 36.6-39.6%; straight to weakly recurved vs. strongly recurved outer oral teeth, a steeper lower jaw side, 30-45° vs. 15-25°; absence vs. presence of well-defined mid-lateral and dorsal-lateral bands (Ref. 126312). It differs from H. curvidens and H. pardus by the combination of a deeper lacrimal, 18.1-20.9% of head length vs. 16.0-18.3%; and smaller eyes, eye diameter 25.4-29.9% of headclength vs. 29.4-34.1%; further from H. pardus by dominant males yellow-green with a red anterior part of flank vs. speckled to uniformly black (Ref. 126312). It differs from H. squamipinnis by the combination of large vs. small outer oral teeth and a smaller number of outer upper jaw teeth, 28-46 vs. 46-71; a shallower body, body depth 29.0-32.3% of standard length vs. 32.4-39.3%; absence vs. presence of minute scales on proximal part of dorsal fin; and dominant males yellow-green with a red anterior part of flank vs. uniformly slate blue (Ref. 126312).Description: Body shallow and oval; caudal peduncle long (Ref. 126312). Head very narrow and with a straight dorsal outline and a slightly convex nape; cheek average in depth; lacrimal deep; eye small; interorbital area narrow in comparison to generalised Haplochromis elegans, but relatively broad for a piscivorous species (Ref. 126312). Snout long, very acute in dorsal and lateral views, and slopes very gentle at 30-35°; premaxillary pedicel long and weakly prominent; jaws long, very narrow, acute in dorsal view, relatively slim, and isognathous; gape large and slopes gently at 20-30°; posterior tip of maxilla reaches a vertical just past anterior margin of orbit; lower jaw slim and with a straight to weakly concave ventral outline in lateral view, mental prominence absent or weakly developed, and lower jaw side steep with an inclination of 30-45° to horizontal in anterior view; upper jaw expanded anteriorly and weakly ventrally; lips and oral mucosa large (Ref. 126312). Neurocranium shallow, ethmo-vomerine block decurved, preorbital region very shallow, 18-22% of neurocranium length, orbital region shallow, 28-31% of neurocranium length, and supraoccipital crest shallow and wedge-shaped (Ref. 126312). Outer oral teeth few, unicuspid, and large; necks stout, conical, and straight; crowns slightly recurved and acutely pointed; dental arcades acute; outer teeth widely and irregularly set with neck-distances of 1/2-2 neck-widths; in upper jaw, 1-3 posteriormost teeth slightly enlarged; inner teeth small, strongly recurved, unicuspid, and acutely pointed; tooth bands very slander crescent-shaped with 1-2 rows of inner teeth, and narrow posteriorly until only outer row remains past 2/3 length of tooth band in upper jaw, past 1/2 length of tooth band in lower jaw; inner teeth closely and regularly set on 1-2 outer neck-widths from outer row; implantation recumbent; size uniform (Ref. 126312). Lower pharyngeal bone long, narrow, slim, and shallow over whole length; pharyngeal teeth relatively large and slender; major cusps acutely pointed; cusp gaps concave; minor cusps and cusp protuberances mostly absent; teeth in two median longitudinal rows equal in size and form to lateral teeth, 11 in each row; posterior transverse row with 14-21 teeth, implanted recumbently with a lateral inclination; major cusps nearly straight, bluntly pointed, and laterally compressed; minor cusps mostly absent (Ref. 126312). Chest scales small; transition to larger flank scales gradual; in some specimens, basal parts of membranes between anal-fin spines covered by few, 1-3, minute, ellipsoid scales, nearly invisible to naked eye; remaining part of anal and dorsal fins scale-less; minute scales on proximal half of caudal fin; 32-35 scales on longitudinal line, 19-23 upper lateral line scales, 8-14 lower lateral line scales, 5-7 upper transverse line scales, 10-13 lower transverse line scales, 16-19 scales around caudal peduncle, 5-8 scales between pectoral and pelvic fins, 3-4 infraorbital cheek scales, 8-12 postorbital cheek scales (Ref. 126312). Caudal fin emarginate; dorsal and anal fins reach to between vertical through caudal-fin base and two scales anterior to this vertical; pectoral and pelvic fins reach to between genital opening and first anal-fin spine; pelvic fin reaches to third anal-fin spine in males; first branched pelvic-fin ray slightly elongated in all specimens (Ref. 126312). Ceratobranchial gill rakers in outer row of first gill arch short, stout, and simple; posteriormost rakers mostly anvil-shaped or weakly bifid; epibranchial rakers slender and simple (Ref. 126312).Colouration: Colouratio in life of dominant males: body, cheek, and lower jaw yellow-green with blue sheen; flank, dorsal part of head, and operculum bright red; belly and chest speckled black; snout and lips dusky; branchiostegal membrane black; eye with (dark) grey outer ring and yellow inner ring; flank with very faint mid-lateral, dorsal-lateral, and 5-7 vertical stripes; nostril stripe faint; dorsal and anal fins dusky and with black lappets; anal fin with a crimson distal part and 2 small orange egg spots with dusky rings; caudal fin dusky with a crimson distal part; pectoral fin dusky yellow and pelvic fin black (Ref. 126312). Colouration in life of females and juveniles: dorsal parts of body and operculum green-yellow; gradual transition to white ventral parts of body and operculum, cheek, and lower jaw; flank with a blue sheen; lacrimals, snout, and lips dusky green; lacrimals with a blue sheen; eye with (dark) grey outer ring and yellow inner ring; nostril stripe faint; dorsal fin dusky and with black lappets; anal fin white-yellow and with 1-2 small spots resembling egg-spots; caudal fin dusky; pectoral fin yellowish; pelvic fin white-yellow (Ref. 126312). Preserved colouration: in dominant males, body uniformly brown, pectoral fin dusky, pelvic fin black, and anal fin dusky and with 1-2 small egg-spots; in females, dorsal part of body yellowish, gradual transition to white ventral part of body, cheek light yellow, pectoral fin hyaline, pelvic fin yellowish, and anal fin with a white base and a dusky distal part; in all specimens, snout dusky and nostril, interorbital, and lacrimal stripes faint, dorsal fin dusky and with black lappets, caudal fin dusky (Ref. 126312). Vranken, N., M. Van Steenberge, A. Heylen, E. Decru and J. Snoeks 2022 From a pair to a dozen: the piscivorous species of <i>Haplochromis</i> (Cichlidae) from the Lake Edward system. Eur. J. Taxon. 815:1-94. (Ref. 126312) FB-Morphology-6783 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Gert Boden 2022-06-09 00:00:00 2022-06-09 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6783 Dorsal spines (total): 15 - 16; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9 - 10; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8 - 9; Vertebrae: 30 - 32 Vranken, N., M. Van Steenberge, A. Heylen, E. Decru and J. Snoeks 2022 From a pair to a dozen: the piscivorous species of <i>Haplochromis</i> (Cichlidae) from the Lake Edward system. Eur. J. Taxon. 815:1-94. (Ref. 126312) FB-Distribution-6783 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Guy Teugels 1992-12-19 00:00:00 2022-11-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6783 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Africa: endemic to Lake Edward system (Ref. 126312). Vranken, N., M. Van Steenberge, A. Heylen, E. Decru and J. Snoeks 2022 From a pair to a dozen: the piscivorous species of <i>Haplochromis</i> (Cichlidae) from the Lake Edward system. Eur. J. Taxon. 815:1-94. (Ref. 126312) FB-LifeCycle-6783 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1992-12-16 00:00:00 2022-06-09 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=6783&StockCode=7104 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Mouthbrooding by females. Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl 1991 Aquarien atlas. Bd. 3. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 1104 p. (Ref. 2059) FB-TrophicStrategy-6783 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Gert Boden 2022-06-09 00:00:00 2022-06-09 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public mentatus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Found in offshore areas, mostly in shallow waters (Ref. 126312). Based on its morphology, most probably a piscivorous species (Ref. 126312). Vranken, N., M. Van Steenberge, A. Heylen, E. Decru and J. Snoeks 2022 From a pair to a dozen: the piscivorous species of <i>Haplochromis</i> (Cichlidae) from the Lake Edward system. Eur. J. Taxon. 815:1-94. (Ref. 126312) FB-Size-6783 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Guy Teugels 1992-12-16 00:00:00 2022-06-09 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6783 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses 11.5 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4983)) van Oijen, M.J.P., J. Snoeks, P.H. Skelton, C. Maréchal and G.G. Teugels 1991 Haplochromis. p. 100-184. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 4983) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Migration Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-6783 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Guy Teugels 1992-12-16 00:00:00 2022-06-09 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6783 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle benthopelagic; freshwater