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	<dc:identifier>FB-67209</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=67209</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Cypriniformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Balitoridae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Sinogastromyzon</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Sinogastromyzon daduheensis Guo &amp; Yang, 2013</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Stinging catfish</commonName>
	<dcterms:created>2013-12-23</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2013-12-23</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=94657&amp;speccode=67218'>Hossain, M.S., S. Sarker, S.M. Sharifuzzaman and S.R. Chowdhury0 New species of stinging catfish &lt;i&gt;Heteropneustes nani&lt;/i&gt; (Siluriformes: Heteropneustidae) from Noakhali, Bangladesh. Vert. Zool. 63(3):259-267. (Ref. 94657)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1849954984' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=128868&amp;speccode=67218'>Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. 	Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=132393&amp;speccode=67218'>Plamoottil, M.0 &lt;i&gt;Heteropneustes fuscus&lt;/i&gt; (Siluriformes: Heteropneustidae), a new catfish species from Kerala, India. Biodiversitas 23(1):87-98. (Ref. 132393)</reference><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-GeneralDescr-67218</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Estelita Emily Capuli</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2014-01-06 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-08 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=67218</dc:source>
	<dc:description>This species is found in ponds, ditches, canals, flooded rice fields, swamps, marshes, waterlogged areas and rivers. Its air-breathing apparatus enables it to survive in low water depth, even in turbid and oxygen deficit conditions. During the winter season the fish can live in semi-liquid mud and when the mud dries up they burrow to the bottom of fissures and crevices formed by the cracking mud. Recorded physicochemical parameters during the study period are the following: water temperature 18-28°C; pH 6.5-7.5; dissolved oxygen 4.5-5.0 mg/l; water transparency 45-60 cm at 1.0-1.8 m depth.  This fish is able to deliver a stinging protein (known as poison) emanated from the venom glands around the pectoral spine, and is reported to be neurotoxic and hemolytic (i.e. destruction of red blood cells) in humans, causing local numbness, inflammation and severe painful physical conditions on the affected limb (warm water bath, application of lukewarm turmeric paste, ejection of blood, and traditional herbal medicine are commonly used for healing).  Still, its flesh is of good table quality and nutritional value. rich in iron and low fat, and a valuable source of protein (Ref. 94657).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=94657&amp;speccode=67218'>Hossain, M.S., S. Sarker, S.M. Sharifuzzaman and S.R. Chowdhury 2013 New species of stinging catfish &lt;i&gt;Heteropneustes nani&lt;/i&gt; (Siluriformes: Heteropneustidae) from Noakhali, Bangladesh. Vert. Zool. 63(3):259-267. (Ref. 94657)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-DiagnosticDescr-67218</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Estelita Emily Capuli</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2014-01-06 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2014-01-06 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=67218</dc:source>
	<dc:description>This species is distinguished from its congeners by the following: smallest in size; head length greater than the depth of body; small terminal mouth bearing nearly equal jaws and fleshy lips; united anal-caudal fin; pectoral spines completely separated from rays with 9-10 antrorse serrae along inner edge and 13-15 in outer edge; body colour blackish with two indistinct lateral bands on flank, with the ventral surface lighter (Ref. 94657).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=94657&amp;speccode=67218'>Hossain, M.S., S. Sarker, S.M. Sharifuzzaman and S.R. Chowdhury 2013 New species of stinging catfish &lt;i&gt;Heteropneustes nani&lt;/i&gt; (Siluriformes: Heteropneustidae) from Noakhali, Bangladesh. Vert. Zool. 63(3):259-267. (Ref. 94657)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Distribution-67218</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Estelita Emily Capuli</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2014-01-06 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2015-01-15 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=67218</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Asia:  Bangladesh.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=94657&amp;speccode=67218'>Hossain, M.S., S. Sarker, S.M. Sharifuzzaman and S.R. Chowdhury 2013 New species of stinging catfish &lt;i&gt;Heteropneustes nani&lt;/i&gt; (Siluriformes: Heteropneustidae) from Noakhali, Bangladesh. Vert. Zool. 63(3):259-267. (Ref. 94657)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Uses-67218</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Estelita Emily Capuli</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2014-01-06 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-08 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=67218</dc:source>
	<dc:description>fisheries: commercial</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=132393&amp;speccode=67218'>Plamoottil, M. 2021 &lt;i&gt;Heteropneustes fuscus&lt;/i&gt; (Siluriformes: Heteropneustidae), a new catfish species from Kerala, India. Biodiversitas 23(1):87-98. (Ref. 132393)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-TrophicStrategy-67218</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Estelita Emily Capuli</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2015-01-15 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2015-09-17 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:source>nani</dc:source>
	<dc:description>This species is found in ponds, ditches, canals, flooded rice fields, swamps, marshes, waterlogged areas and rivers. Its air-breathing apparatus enables it to survive in low water depth, even in turbid and oxygen deficit conditions. During the winter season the fish can live in semi-liquid mud and when the mud dries up they burrow to the bottom of fissures and crevices formed by the cracking mud. Recorded physicochemical parameters during the study period are the following: water temperature 18-28°C; pH 6.5-7.5; dissolved oxygen 4.5-5.0 mg/l; water transparency 45-60 cm at 1.0-1.8 m depth.  Its flesh is of good table quality and nutritional value. rich in iron and low fat, and a valuable source of protein (Ref. 94657).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=94657&amp;speccode=67218'>Hossain, M.S., S. Sarker, S.M. Sharifuzzaman and S.R. Chowdhury 2013 New species of stinging catfish &lt;i&gt;Heteropneustes nani&lt;/i&gt; (Siluriformes: Heteropneustidae) from Noakhali, Bangladesh. Vert. Zool. 63(3):259-267. (Ref. 94657)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-67218</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Estelita Emily Capuli</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2014-01-06 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-08 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=67218</dc:source>
	<dc:description>10.9 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 94657))</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=94657&amp;speccode=67218'>Hossain, M.S., S. Sarker, S.M. Sharifuzzaman and S.R. Chowdhury 2013 New species of stinging catfish &lt;i&gt;Heteropneustes nani&lt;/i&gt; (Siluriformes: Heteropneustidae) from Noakhali, Bangladesh. Vert. Zool. 63(3):259-267. (Ref. 94657)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-67218</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Estelita Emily Capuli</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2014-01-06 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=67218</dc:source>
	<dc:description>benthopelagic; freshwater; depth range 1 - 2 m (Ref. 94657)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=94657&amp;speccode=67218'>Hossain, M.S., S. Sarker, S.M. Sharifuzzaman and S.R. Chowdhury 2013 New species of stinging catfish &lt;i&gt;Heteropneustes nani&lt;/i&gt; (Siluriformes: Heteropneustidae) from Noakhali, Bangladesh. Vert. Zool. 63(3):259-267. (Ref. 94657)</reference></dataObject>
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