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	<dc:identifier>FB-67038</dc:identifier>
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	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Cypriniformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Leuciscidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Squalius</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Squalius kosswigi (Karaman, 1972)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Triibuline huntsalmler</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Nsoul</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Nsoul ou nso</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Brochet</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Mienguè</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Omwènghè</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Hepsetus lineata (Pellegrin, 1926)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Hepsetus odoe (non Bloch, 1794)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Hepsetus odoe lineata (Pellegrin, 1926)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Sarcodaces odoe lineata Pellegrin, 1926</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>2013-07-08</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2021-07-22</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=50787&amp;speccode=67048'>Ogandagas, C.0 National Report. Marine biodiversity in Gabon - the known and the unknown. p. 75-85. In C. Decker, C. Griffiths, K. Prochazka, C. Ras and A. Whitfield (eds.) Marine biodiversity in sub-saharan Africa: the known and unknown. (Ref. 50787)</reference>
	<reference isbn='2.11.086730-2' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51193&amp;speccode=67048'>Vivien, J.0 Faune du Cameroun. Guide des mammifères et poissons. GICAM et Ministère de la Coopération et du Développement, Yaoundé/Paris. 271 p. (Ref. 51193)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52869&amp;speccode=67048'>Mve, R.O. and J.D. Mbega0 Noms communs d'espèces importantes de poisson en langue Fang, Gabon. p. 243-245. In M.L.D. Palomares, B. Samb, T. Diouf, J.M. Vakily and D. Pauly (eds.) Fish biodiversity: local studies as basis for global inferences. ACP-EU Fish. Res. Rep. 14:281 p. (Ref. 52869)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=54270&amp;speccode=67048'>Direction Générale des Pêches et de l'Aquaculture (DGPA)0 Principaux poissons commerciaux du Gabon. Ministere de l'Economie Forestiere, des Eaux, de la Peche, Charge de l'Environnmente et de la Protection de la Nature. In cooperation with Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). Poster. (Ref. 54270)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=81637&amp;speccode=67048'>Paugy, D.0 Hepsetidae. p. 343-346. In M.L.J. Stiassny, G.G. Teugels and C.D. Hopkins (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa. Volume I. Collection Faune et Flore tropicales 42. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, and Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium. 800 pp. (Ref. 81637)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=93279&amp;speccode=67048'>Decru, E., E. Vreven and J. Snoeks0 A revision of the Lower Guinean &lt;i&gt;Hepsetus&lt;/i&gt; species (Characiformes; Hepsetidae) with the description of &lt;i&gt;Hepsetus kingsleyae&lt;/i&gt; sp. nov. J. Fish Biol. 82(4):1351-1375. (Ref. 93279)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=93900&amp;speccode=67048'>Pellegrin, J.0 Description de characinidés nouveaux récoltés au Congo belge par le Dr. Schouteden. Rev. Zool. Afr. 13(3-4):157-164. (Ref. 93900)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=105471&amp;speccode=67048'>eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=108775&amp;speccode=67048'>Decru, E., J. Snoeks and E. Vreven0 Taxonomic evaluation of the &lt;i&gt;Hepsetus&lt;/i&gt; from the Congo basin with the revalidation of &lt;i&gt;H. microlepis&lt;/i&gt; (Teleostei: Hepsetidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 26(3):273-287. (Ref. 108775)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=115257&amp;speccode=67048'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257)</reference>
	<reference isbn='978-3-030-03083-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=120641&amp;speccode=67048'>Skelton, P.H.0 Chapter 11. The freshwater fishes of Angola. p. 207-242. In B.J. Huntley, V. Russo, F. Lages and N. Ferrand (eds.) Biodiversity of Angola. Science &amp; conservation: a modern synthesis. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Cham, Switzerland. 549 p. (Ref. 120641)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=130435&amp;speccode=67048'>IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435)</reference><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-DiagnosticDescr-67048</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.africamuseum.be#' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Gert Boden</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2013-07-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2017-04-21 16:15:29</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:description>Diagnosis: Hepsetus lineatus can be distinguished from H. kingsleyae by a larger number of lateral line scales, 50–64 vs. 45–51, and lower number of gill rakers, 12–18, exceptionally 20 in one specimen, vs. 17–23; and by a larger head width, 32.8–46.7 vs. 26.4–35.6% of head length, and larger internasal distance, 21.5–29.3 vs. 15.6–23.3% of head length; the latter two characters are positively allometric (Ref. 93279). Hepsetus lineatus can only be distinguished from H. akawo by a larger number of lateral line scales, 50–64 vs. 43–51, and a smaller number of gill rakers, 12–18, exceptionally up to 20, vs. 17–23 (Ref. 93279). Hepsetus lineatus can be distinguished from H. odoe by a combination of a large internasal distance, 21.5–29.3 vs. 19.5–25.3% of head length, and a small distance between nostril and lower jaw, 36.8–44.4 vs. 40.4–47.6% of head length; both latter characters are positively allometric (Ref. 93279). Hepsetus lineatus can be distinguished from H. cuvieri by a higher number of gill rakers, 12–20 vs. 8–13, a lower number of scales between the dorsal fin and lateral line, 7.5–9.5 vs. 10.5–11.5, a lower number of scales between the adipose fin and lateral line, 4–5.5 vs. 6.5–7.5, and also by a greater head width, 32.8–46.7 vs. 27.8–40.4% of head length, and smaller internasal distance, 21.5–29.3 vs. 27.8–40.4% of head length; latter two characters positively allometric (Ref. 93279).Description: long but relatively broad and stout body; broad head with broad and short snout; head not particularly deep or shallow compared to congeners; dorsal and anal fins in relatively anterior position compared to typical position in congeners; number of lateral line scales high; number of gill rakers on first gill arch low; 4-5.5 scales between adipose fin and lateral line; 2-5 scales between lateral line and pelvic fin, 4-6 between lateral line and anal fin; 14-22 predorsal scales; 15-28 dorsal to adipose scales; 12-23 adipose to caudal scales (Ref. 93279).Colouration: In alcohol: dorsal side of head and body olive greenish to brownish, with gradual change from darker tones dorsally to lighter tones on flanks; belly pale yellowish; pattern of horizontal lines on flanks over entire length of body (from behind opercule to base of caudal fin) resulting from scales having dark upper and lower borders; these lines most prominent in area from approximately 5 scale rows above lateral line down to 2 scale rows below lateral line; lines more prominent on larger animals (larger than about 130mm SL), but sometimes less prominent in individuals from Ivindo River (Gabon) and rivers in Cameroon; sometimes with series of 8-12 greyish vertical bands on dorsolateral parts of body; posterior part of head with 3 well-marked, dark brownish bands running from posterior border of eye to anterior edge of preopercule; bands sometimes faded and poorly visible; lower half of opercule brownish, sometimes blackish; dorsoventrally rounded and elongated blackish spot posterior to head, above lateral line; all fins except adipose fin yellowish with posterior half translucent; caudal fin sometimes darker than other fins and translucent in mid-centre and proximal parts of upper and lower lobes; dorsal, anal and caudal fins with prominent small, roundish, dark brown spots; these spots more prominent on larger animals (larger than about 165mm SL); adipose-fin base yellowish-white, distal part black (Ref. 93279).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=93279&amp;speccode=67048'>Decru, E., E. Vreven and J. Snoeks 2013 A revision of the Lower Guinean &lt;i&gt;Hepsetus&lt;/i&gt; species (Characiformes; Hepsetidae) with the description of &lt;i&gt;Hepsetus kingsleyae&lt;/i&gt; sp. nov. J. Fish Biol. 82(4):1351-1375. (Ref. 93279)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Distribution-67048</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.africamuseum.be#' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Gert Boden</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2013-07-18 17:59:45</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2025-11-06 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:description>Africa:  coastal basins from the Sanaga in Cameroon to the Chiloango in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Ref. 93279). Also in the Dja River in Cameroon (Ref. 93279) and the middle Congo River basin in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Ref. 108775).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=93279&amp;speccode=67048'>Decru, E., E. Vreven and J. Snoeks 2013 A revision of the Lower Guinean &lt;i&gt;Hepsetus&lt;/i&gt; species (Characiformes; Hepsetidae) with the description of &lt;i&gt;Hepsetus kingsleyae&lt;/i&gt; sp. nov. J. Fish Biol. 82(4):1351-1375. (Ref. 93279)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-67048</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.africamuseum.be#' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Gert Boden</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2013-07-18 17:52:44</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-08 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>28.3 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 93279))</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=93279&amp;speccode=67048'>Decru, E., E. Vreven and J. Snoeks 2013 A revision of the Lower Guinean &lt;i&gt;Hepsetus&lt;/i&gt; species (Characiformes; Hepsetidae) with the description of &lt;i&gt;Hepsetus kingsleyae&lt;/i&gt; sp. nov. J. Fish Biol. 82(4):1351-1375. (Ref. 93279)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-67048</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.africamuseum.be#' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Gert Boden</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2013-07-18 17:52:44</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-08 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=67048</dc:source>
	<dc:description>demersal; freshwater</dc:description>
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