FB-6472 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6472 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Perciformes/Serranoidei Epinephelidae Epinephelus Epinephelus ongus (Bloch, 1790) Garoupa floculada Witstrepie-klipkabeljou Baraka Inid Kigting Kugtung Rana Lapu-lapu Pugapo Grouper Honeycomb rock cod Lace-finned rock-cod Speckled-fin rockcod Specklefin grouper Specklefin rockcod Speckle-finned cod Wavy-lined grouper Wavy-lined rock-cod White-streaked groper Whitestreaked grouper White-streaked grouper White-streaked rockcod White-speckled grouper White-speckled rock cod Wire-netting cod kawakawa matanisiga Loche à taches claires Mérou à flocons Lokos Namihata Kerapu Kerapu lenga Kertang Alatan Kaltang Kulapo Lapu lapu Lapu-lapu Lapu-lapung lupot Lubo Sigapo Mero nubífero Abo-abo Bantol Bato-bato Batol Buklak Bulang Garopa melatan meti laran Iner Jahong Kakab Kugtong Kulapo Kurapo Kurapu Labungan Lilug Mamonbong Mantis Maskad Matkad Ogaw Pugayo Salingukod Saukoton Sibog Subla Tabadlo Tangk-an Ting-ad Tingag 假杉斑 油杉 紋波斑魚 紋波石斑魚 纹波斑鱼 纹波石斑鱼 Epinephelus slacksmithi Whitley, 1959 Epinephelus summana (Fabricius, 1775) Epinephelus summana hostiaretis Whitley, 1954 Holocentrus ongus Bloch, 1790 Serranus bataviensis Bleeker, 1849 Serranus dichropterus Valenciennes, 1828 Serranus reticulatus Valenciennes, 1828 Serranus tumilabris Valenciennes, 1828 Serranus tumilabrus Valenciennes, 1828 Serranus tumilebris Valenciennes, 1828 1992-10-16 2024-01-25 Coppola, S.R., W. 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Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) Petit-Marty, N., M. Vázquez-Luis and I.E. Hendriks0 Use of the nucleotide diversity in COI mitochondrial gene as an early diagnostic of conservation status of animal species. Conserv. Lett. 14(1):1-7. (Ref. 138103) FB-pic-6472-2263 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-06 2018-11-10 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. 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Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6472 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epong_u4.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epong_u4.jpg Locality: Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines. FB-pic-6472-9592 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-03 2013-05-22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6472 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epong_u5.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epong_u5.jpg FB-pic-6472-13430 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1997-02-19 2010-07-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6472 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epong_u6.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epong_u6.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-6472 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-10-16 00:00:00 2025-11-13 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6472 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Adults inhabit inner coastal and lagoon reefs, also found in brackish waters in ledges and caves (Ref. 5213). Adults usually found deeper than 20 m (Ref. 48635). Solitary (Ref 90102). They feed on crustaceans and small fishes (Ref. 89707). Are cryptic species which are not very common, but of some interest to fisheries in Japan (and probably elsewhere). Caught with hook-and-line, spear, and traps (Ref. 39231). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-DiagnosticDescr-6472 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-13 00:00:00 2019-02-26 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6472 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution This species is distinguished by the following characters: body depth 2.7-3.2 in SL; head length 2.3-2.5 in SL; head pointed, flat interorbital area, dorsal head profile slightly convex; preopercle rounded, serrae small and mostly covered by skin; upper edge of operculum strongly convex, the rear edge almost vertical, the upper spine extending posterior to lower spine; rear nostril diameter about twice that of anterior nostril; small, embedded scales on maxilla; 2-4 rows of small teeth at midlateral part of lower jaw; canines at front of jaws small or absent; gill rakers of first gill arch 8-10 + 15-18 (including 6 to 8 rudiments on each limb); caudal fin rounded; pectoral fins large and fleshy, with 15-17 rays, the fin length 1.4-1.7 in HL; short pelvic fins, 1.9-2.4 in HL; lateral-line scales 48-53; lateral scale series 95-110. Colour of body brown, with numerous small white spots (in specimens >10 cm SL), horizontally elongate and tend to form wavy white lines in adults, several round or irregular pale blotches (eye-sized or larger) usually superimposed over small white spots, head brown, with numerous small white spots dorsally behind eyes; black maxillary streak usually hidden by maxilla, median fins with small white spots and streaks, the posterior margin blackish with a white edge, paired fins are greyish brown; juveniles of about 6 cm SL are brown, covered with small, dark-edged white spots which are round, except on front part of dorsal fin where they are elongated; white spots on paired fins become fewer and fainter with growth, and are absent in adults (Ref. 39231, 89707, 90102). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1999 Serranidae. p. 2442-2547. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). Rome, FAO. 2069-2790 p. (Ref. 39231) FB-Morphology-6472 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-13 00:00:00 2019-02-26 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6472 Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 14 - 16; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8 Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1999 Serranidae. p. 2442-2547. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). Rome, FAO. 2069-2790 p. (Ref. 39231) FB-Distribution-6472 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-10-16 00:00:00 2025-11-13 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6472 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Indo-West Pacific: East Africa to the Ryukyu Islands, Marshall Islands, Fiji, New Caledonia, and northern Australia. Recently recorded from Tonga (Ref. 53797). Reported from Somalia and India by Heemstra & Randall in 1984 but valid records and specimens have not been found (Ref. 4787). Closely related to Epinephelus summana known only from the Red Sea. Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Uses-6472 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-10-16 00:00:00 2025-11-13 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6472 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: minor commercial; price category: very high; price reliability: questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this genus Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) FB-TrophicStrategy-6472 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1999-06-20 00:00:00 2018-05-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public ongus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Inhabits inner coastal, lagoon reefs and in brackish waters where it occurs in ledges and caves (Ref. 5213). Feeds on crustaceans and small fishes (Ref. 89707). Adults usually found deeper than 20 m (Ref. 48635). Solitary (Ref 90102). Blaber, S.J.M., D.A. Milton, N.J.F. Rawlinson, G. Tiroba and P.V. Nichols 1990 Diets of lagoon fishes of the Solomon Islands: Predators of tuna baitfish and trophic effects of baitfishing on the subsistence fishery. Fish. Res. 8(3):263-286. (Ref. 30531) FB-Size-6472 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-10-16 00:00:00 2025-11-13 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6472 40.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 27362)) Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene 1997 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. Second Edition. Revised and expanded edition. Crawford House Publishing Pty Ltd. Bathurst, NSW, Australia. 557 p. (Ref. 27362) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-6472 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-10-16 00:00:00 2025-11-13 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6472 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution reef-associated; non-migratory (Ref. 130262); brackish; marine; depth range 20 - 60 m (Ref. 89707) Nanami, A., H. Mitamura, T. Sato, T. Yamaguchi, K. Yamamoto, R. Kawabe, K. Soyano, N. Arai and Y. Kawabata 2018 Diel variation in home range size and precise returning ability after spawning migration of coral reef grouper <i>Epinephelus ongus</i>: implications for effective marine protected area design. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 606:119-132. (Ref. 130262) Craig, M.T., YJ. Sadovy de Mitcheson and P.C. Heemstra 2011 Groupers of the world: a field and market guide. North America: CRC Press/Taylor and Francis Group, xix, 356 p., A47 pages appendix. (Ref. 89707)