FB-6450 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6450 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Perciformes/Serranoidei Epinephelidae Cephalopholis Cephalopholis miniata (Forsskål, 1775) Rumekei Graniec koralowy Garoupa estrelada Koraal-klipkabeljou Aroosa Bertama Hamoor Hamour Hamrah Hummarah Sheneenoh Shnenu Shirni Summan عجوز المرجان Banolog Baraka Inid Kigting Kugtung Pugapo salapok Juvelbars Juwelen Zackenbarsch Juwelenbarsch Blue-spot rock cod Blue-spotted rockcod Coral cod Coral grouper Coral hind Coral rock cod Coral rockcod Coral trout Grouper Red coral perch Red grouper Reef cod Round-tailed trout Seabass Vermilion grouper Vermilion sea bass Vermilion seabas Vermilion seabass Vermillion grouper Vermillion seabass Juveel-kiviahven Kirju küülikahven donu damu 'Era 'era Kasaledamu Ananas batard Loche sanguine Mérou minium Prude rouge Vieille anana Vieille ananas Vieille de corail Vieille étoilée Vieille rouge Vielle de corail Vielle étoilée Liglig Yukatahata Chencheerachammam ചെഞ്ചീര ചമ്മം ചെന് ചേരചാമ്മാം  Kerapu Kerapu bar Kerapu bara Kerapu bintang Kerapu karang Kerapu merah Kuhau Malau pokoahu Guduudow-Filfil Chewa (moshi) Juvelabborre Rero Alatan Kaltang Kulapo Lapu lapu Lapu-lapu Lapu-lapung lupot Lapu-lapung señora Lubo Sigapo Cá Mú đỏ Cherna estrellada Abo-abo Alovo Bantol Bato-bato Batol Iner Iugiushaap Jahong Kakab Kiapu mira binti Kubing Kugtong Kurapo Kurapu Labungan Lapu-lapu Lilug Ligmelial Mamonbong Mantis Maskad Matkad M'fikudi tengagwe Mzoussi M'zoussi nyodri Ngatala pulepule Ogaw Okke Pagupo Pakes Polo Pugapo Pugayo Raiy faana Salingukod Sahale Sibog Sikkifana Sivari baba Tabadlo Tangk-an Thabuwa Ting-ad Tingag Tsahale Ulibelila Vieille chinois 假星斑 珠星斑 石斑 紅星斑 红格仔 过鱼 雜星斑 青星九刺鮨 青星九棘鱸 青星九棘鲈 鲙 Cephalopholis boninius Jordan & Thompson, 1914 Cephalopholis cyanostigma (non Valenciennes, 1828) Cephalopholis formosanus Tanaka, 1911 Cephalopholis maculatus Seale & Bean, 1907 Cephalopholis miniatus (Forsskål, 1775) Cephalopolis miniatus (Forsskål, 1775) Epinephelus miniatus (Forsskål, 1775) Perca miniata Forsskål, 1775 Pomacentrus burdi Lacepède, 1802 Serranus cyanostigmatoides Bleeker, 1849 Serranus miniatus (Forsskål, 1775) Serranus perguttatus De Vis, 1884 1992-10-08 2013-03-08 Coppola, S.R., W. 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(Ref. 122752) van der Elst, Rudy, Simon Chater and Dennis King0 Fishes from Bassas Da India Atoll in the Mozambique Channel. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 629. (Ref. 124899) Hazes, B.0 Hazes' underwater photos. Collection of Philippine underwater photos. Unpublished. (Ref. 127519) Lai, N.-W.0 Hong Kong market marine fish. Original title: 香港街市海魚圖鑑. Hua Qianshu Publishing Co., Ltd., p. 440. (Ref. 129440) Petit-Marty, N., M. Liu, I.Z. Tan, A. Chung, B. Terrasa, B. Guijarro, F. Ordines, S. Ramirez-Amaro, E. Massuti and C. Schunter0 Declining population sizes and loss of genetic diversity in commercial fishes: a simple method for a first diagnostic. Frontiers in Marine Science 9(872537):1-11. (Ref. 130275) Balisco, R.A.T., V.S. Ticzon, B.R. Samaniego, W.-C. Huang, B.J. Gonzales and T.-Y. Liao0 Marine fishes of Palawan, Philippines: species diversity, new records, and conservation status. Regional Studies in Marine Science 60(2023) 102825:1-10. (Ref. 130287) Muallil, R.N., A.M. Tambihasan, M.J. Enojario, R.T. Tarabasa, A.A. Habibuddin, A.S. Injani, M.A.T. Ammang, A.S. Aksa and C.L. Nañola Jr.0 Data on the length-weight relationship of 161 species of commercially important coral reef fishes in Tawi-Tawi islands, Southern Philippines. Data in Brief 50. (Ref. 132177) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-6450-2248 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-06 2011-11-16 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6450 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Cemin_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Cemin_u0.jpg FB-pic-6450-7307 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-01-13 1996-05-23 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6450 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Cemin_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Cemin_u1.gif FB-pic-6450-9336 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-29 2000-10-28 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6450 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Cemin_u4.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Cemin_u4.jpg Locality: Sodwana Bay, Natal, South Africa. FB-pic-6450-9337 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-29 1999-06-29 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6450 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Cemin_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Cemin_u1.jpg FB-pic-6450-9338 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-29 2000-10-28 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6450 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Cemin_u6.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Cemin_u6.jpg Locality: El Hamira, Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt. FB-pic-6450-9339 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-29 2000-10-28 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6450 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Cemin_u2.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Cemin_u2.jpg FB-pic-6450-37818 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Rachel C. Atanacio 2003-07-16 2008-07-30 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Image can be freely copied and altered, as long as original author and source are properly acknowledged. WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6450 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Cemin_uc.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Cemin_uc.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-6450 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-10-08 00:00:00 2013-03-08 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6450 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Inhabit clear waters of coral reefs; more often found in exposed rather than protected reef areas (Ref. 5213). Feed on fishes (80%, mainly Pseudanthias squamipinnis) and crustaceans. Form haremic groups comprising of a dominant male and 2 to 12 females. These groups occupy territories of up to 475 sq m subdivided into secondary territories and defended by a single female (Ref. 6480). Generally common (Ref. 9710). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-DiagnosticDescr-6450 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-08-31 00:00:00 2013-03-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6450 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Color orange-red to reddish brown, usually dark posteriorly with numerous bright blue spots which are smaller than the pupil and often faintly dark-edged on head, body and median fins; distal margin of caudal fin and soft portions of dorsal and anal fins usually with a narrow blue margin and blackish submarginal line; orange-yellow pectoral fins, on some only distally; orange-red pelvic fins; it is capable of a disruptive color pattern of irregular oblique olivaceous bars; juveniles may be yellow with scattered faint blue spots. D IX, 14-16; A III, 8-9 (rarely 8); pectoral 17-18 (often 18); scales on lateral line 47-55; scales on longitudinal series 94-114; snout anterior to nostrils no scales; partially scaled maxilla; abdomen with cycloid scales; gill rakers 7-9 + 13-15; depth of body 2.65-3.05 in SL; length of head 2.4-2.65 in SL; the maxilla extends to or posterior to rear of the orbit; smooth ventral margin of preopercle; 5th - 8th dorsal spines longest , 3.0-3.6 in head; pectoral fins 1.45-1.75 in head; pelvic fins do not reach the anus, 1.9-2.3 in head (Ref. 4787). Randall, J.E. and P.C. Heemstra 1991 Revision of Indo-Pacific groupers (Perciformes: Serranidae: Epinephelinae), with descriptions of five new species. Indo-Pac. Fish. (20):332 p. (Ref. 4787) FB-Morphology-6450 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-08-31 00:00:00 2013-03-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6450 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 14 - 15; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8 - 9 Randall, J.E. and P.C. Heemstra 1991 Revision of Indo-Pacific groupers (Perciformes: Serranidae: Epinephelinae), with descriptions of five new species. Indo-Pac. Fish. (20):332 p. (Ref. 4787) FB-Distribution-6450 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-10-08 00:00:00 2023-09-25 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6450 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Indo-Pacific: Red Sea to Durban, South Africa and eastward to the Line Islands; including most islands in the Indian and west-central Pacific oceans. Absent from Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. Misidentified as Cephalopholis cyanostigma from Reunion (Ref. 6453). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Uses-6450 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-10-08 00:00:00 2013-03-08 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6450 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: commercial Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) Allen, G.R. and R.C. Steene 1988 Fishes of Christmas Island Indian Ocean. Christmas Island Natural History Association, Christmas Island, Indian Ocean, 6798, Australia. 197 p. (Ref. 30874) Edwards, A.J. and A.D. Shepherd 1992 Environmental implications of aquarium-fish collection in the Maldives, with proposals for regulation. Environ. Conserv. 19:61-72. (Ref. 4907) FB-TrophicStrategy-6450 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1995-09-12 00:00:00 2008-11-18 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public miniata http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Inhabit coral reefs of the Indo-West Pacific Region (Ref. 9137, 58534). Most often encountered in clear water of outer reefs to depths of at least 150 m. Often found in exposed rather than protected reef areas (Ref. 5213). Form haremic groups comprising of a dominant male and 2 to 12 females. These groups occupy territories of up to 475 sq m subdivided into secondary territories and defended by a single female (Ref. 6480). Generally common (Ref. 9710). Feed on fishes (80%, mainly Pseudanthias squamipinnis) and crustaceans. Feeding occur mainly during the early morning and midafternoon (Ref. 54301). Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley 1989 Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300) FB-Size-6450 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-10-08 00:00:00 2013-03-08 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6450 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 50.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 90102)) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann 2012 Reef fishes of the East Indies. Perth, Australia: Universitiy of Hawai'i Press, Volumes I-III. Tropical Reef Research. (Ref. 90102) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-6450 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-10-08 00:00:00 2013-03-08 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6450 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Migration reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 2 - 150 m (Ref. 9710) Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710)