FB-6415 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6415 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Elopiformes Elopidae Elops Elops hawaiensis Regan, 1909 Bayirbir Bidbid Kugao Lulong Tangiron Bulan-bulan Tuloy Elops havajský Hawaii-ladyfisk Banana fish Chiro Giant herring Hawaiian giant herring Hawaiian ladyfish Hawaiian tarpon Hawaiian tenpounder Ladyfish Pincushionfish Tenpounder Torres Strait herring Havai elops yawa rogouca Guinée saumon Awa'aua Awa'awa Awa Bandeng lanang Mayos Puyus Kara-iwashi カライワシ 당멸치 Bandeng lelaki Bidbid Bid-bid Bidbir Mid-bid Cá Cháo biển Malacho salmón Alho Balila Balusu Bayedbed Bedbed Bid-bid Medbed Ua 夏威夷海鰱 夏威夷海鲢 Elops australis Regan, 1909 Elops hawaiiensis Regan, 1909 1992-09-16 2024-01-25 Schuster, W.H.0 Synopsis of biological data on milkfish <i>Chanos chanos</i> (Forsskål), 1775. FAO Fish. Biol. Synop. (4):pag. var. (Ref. 49) Thresher, R.E.0 Reproduction in reef fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Neptune City, New Jersey. 399 p. 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Ridet0 Brains of Hawaiian tropical fishes; brain size and evolution. Copeia 1977(1):42-46. (Ref. 46932) Mansor, M.I., H. Kohno, H. Ida, H.T. Nakamura, Z. Aznan and S. Abdullah0 Field guide to important commercial marine fishes of the South China Sea. SEAFDEC MFRDMD/SP/2. (Ref. 49141) Hanel, L. and J. Novák0 České názvy zivočichů V. Ryby a rybovití obratlovci (Pisces) II., nozdratí (Sarcopterygii), paprskoploutví (Actinopterygii) [chrupavčití (Chondrostei), kostnatí (Neopterygii): kostlíni (Semionotiformes) - bezostní (Clupeiformes)]. Národní muzeum (zoologické odděleí), Praha. (Ref. 51054) Riede, K.0 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Randall, J.E., J.T. Williams, D.G. Smith, M. Kulbicki, G.M. Tham, P. Labrosse, M. Kronen, E. Clua and B.S. Mann0 Checklist of the shore and epipelagic fishes of Tonga. Atoll Res. Bull. Nos. 502. (Ref. 53797) Randall, J.E.0 Reef and shore fishes of the South Pacific. New Caledonia to Tahiti and the Pitcairn Islands. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 720 p. (Ref. 54980) Chen, C.-H.0 Checklist of the fishes of Penghu. FRI Special Publication No. 4. 175 p. (Ref. 55073) Nghia, N.V.0 Fishes of Viet Nam. Unpublished compilation of Nguyen Viet Nghia. (Ref. 55784) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Mundy, B.C.0 Checklist of the fishes of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Mus. Bull. Zool. (6):1-704. (Ref. 58302) Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton and G.R. Allen0 Fishes. In Beasley, O.L. and A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 35 Australia: ABRS & CSIRO Publishing, 2178 p. (Ref. 75154) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) Kim, I.S., Y. Choi, C.L. Lee, Y.J. Lee, B.J. Kim and J.H. Kim0 Illustrated book of Korean fishes. Kyo-Hak Pub Co. Seoul. 615p. (in Korean). (Ref. 77001) Johnson, J.W.0 Annotated checklist of the fishes of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 43(2):709-762. (Ref. 78751) Thaman, R.R., T. Fong and A. Balawa0 Ilava Ni Navakavu: Finfishes of Vanua Navakavu, Viti Levu, Fiji Islands. SPRH-FIO Biodiversity and Ethnobiodiversity Report No. 4, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji Islands. (Ref. 79890) Palma, A.L., E.C. Mercene and M.R. Goss0 Fish. p. 115-132. In Lasco, R.D. and M.V.O. Espaldon (eds.) Ecosystems and People: The Philippine Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) Sub-global Assessment. Environmental Forestry Programme, College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of the Philippines Los Baños. 322 p. (Ref. 80824) IGFA0 Database of IGFA angling records until 2009. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 83530) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) Seeto, J. and W.J. Baldwin0 A checklist of the fishes of Fiji and a bibliography of Fijian fish. Division of Marine Studies Technical Report 1/2010. The University of the South Pacific. Suva, Fiji. 102 p. (Ref. 85272) Randall, J.E.0 Reef and shore fishes of the Hawaiian Islands. Sea Grant College Program, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu. i-xivb + 1-546. (Ref. 86689) Fricke, R., M. Kulbicki and L. Wantiez0 Checklist of the fishes of New Caledonia, and their distribution in the Southwest Pacific Ocean (Pisces). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 4:341-463. (Ref. 86942) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) Kottelat, M.0 The fishes of the inland waters of Southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 2013 (Suppl. 27):1-663. (Ref. 94476) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Pihu, E.0 Loomade elu 4. köide. Kalad. Pihu, E. 1979. Loomade Elu, 4. Köide, Kalad. Valgus, Tallinn. (Ref. 105472) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) State of hawaii0 SWAP species fact sheets. https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/wildlife/hswap/fact-sheets/ [Accessed 13/08/2020]. (Ref. 122680) University of Western Australia0 Benthic BRUVS data 2019. Video BRUVS from Jessica Meeuwig. (Ref. 122752) Fok, M.-S.M.0 Baseline survey of fish juvenile assemblages in Tolo Harbour and Channel, Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Pok Fu Lam, University of Hong Kong, MSc Thesis, 163 p. (Ref. 125536) Ramanadevi, V. and M. Thangaraj0 Comparative phylogenetic study of four genes of mitochondrial genome in tenpounder fishes (Order: Elopiformes). Not. Sci. Biol. 5(3):282-289. (Ref. 137527) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-GeneralDescr-6415 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1992-09-16 00:00:00 2024-01-25 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6415 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription A coastal fish, commonly entering lagoon, bays, and estuaries (including fishponds) (Ref. 2847, 58302), particularly around mangroves (Ref. 44894). Sometimes enters freshwater streams, but does not penetrate very far inland (Ref. 2847). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Younger fish often penetrate the lower freshwater reaches of rivers (Ref. 44894). An active swimmer, commonly traveling in schools in open water. Feeds on various fishes and crustaceans. Little detailed knowledge exists of its biology. Has a leptocephalus larva. Spawning takes place offshore and young larvae are found in the open sea, moving close to shore as they develop. Juveniles commonly found in salt marshes, canals, and tidal streams. Marketed fresh or frozen; in some places ground up as fish meal. A good sport fish on light tackle, striking a variety of artificial lures as well as live shrimp or baitfish. No separate statistics available. (Ref. 10983). Smith, D.G. 1997 Elopidae. Ladyfishes, tenpounders. p. 1619-1620. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the WCP. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 10983) FB-DiagnosticDescr-6415 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1996-03-06 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6415 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology A gular plate present between arms of lower jaw. Branchiostegal rays numerous, approximately 20-25. All fins without spines. Scales very small, approximately 100 in lateral line. Smith, D.G. 1997 Elopidae. Ladyfishes, tenpounders. p. 1619-1620. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the WCP. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 10983) FB-Morphology-6415 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1996-03-06 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6415 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 23 - 27; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 14 - 18 Smith, D.G. 1997 Elopidae. Ladyfishes, tenpounders. p. 1619-1620. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the WCP. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 10983) FB-Distribution-6415 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1992-09-16 00:00:00 2022-11-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6415 Indo-Pacific: from the Andaman Sea in the Eastern Indian Ocean to Western Australia and in the Pacific, from southern Japan to New South Wales and New Caledonia; throughout most of Oceania to the Hawaiian Is., Society Is., and Tuamotus (Ref. 86689). Currently treated as a single species, but this status should be considered provisional. Further studies may reveal a complex of closely related species, as in the case of Albula. Randall, J.E. 2007 Reef and shore fishes of the Hawaiian Islands. Sea Grant College Program, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu. i-xivb + 1-546. (Ref. 86689) FB-Uses-6415 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1992-09-16 00:00:00 2024-01-25 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6415 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Migration fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes Titcomb, M. 1972 Native use of fish in Hawaii. The University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. 175 p. International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) FB-Migration-6415 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1992-09-16 00:00:00 2024-01-25 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6415 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Anadromous. Fish that ascend rivers to spawn, as salmon and hilsa do. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-TrophicStrategy-6415 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1992-12-01 00:00:00 2020-11-06 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public hawaiensis http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Prefers shallow waters around the shoreline or shallow protected waters over sandy or silty bottoms (Ref. 122680). In small groups or solitary. Feeds during the day and at night (diurnal and nocturnal). Juveniles found in mangroves or swamps, canals and tidal streams and marshes. Feeds on fish and benthic invertebrates (Ref. 49, 4887). Often in coastal waters (Ref. 9137). Honebrink, R. 1990 Fishing in Hawaii: a student manual. Education Program, Division of Aquatic Resources, Honolulu, Hawaii. 79 p. (Ref. 4887) FB-Size-6415 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1992-09-16 00:00:00 2024-01-25 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6415 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat 120 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 44894)); max. published weight: 10.1 kg (Ref. 6736) Allen, G.R., S.H. Midgley and M. Allen 2002 Field guide to the freshwater fishes of Australia. Western Australian Museum, Perth, Western Australia. 394 p. (Ref. 44894) Cohen, D.M. 1986 Melanonidae. p. 724. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, Volume 2. Unesco, Paris. FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-6415 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1992-09-16 00:00:00 2024-01-25 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6415 pelagic-neritic; anadromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 1 - 30 m (Ref. 6898) Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Shao, K.-T. and P.L. Lim 1991 Fishes of freshwater and estuary. Encyclopedia of field guide in Taiwan. Recreation Press, Co., Ltd., Taipei. vol. 31. 240 p. (in Chinese). (Ref. 6898)