FB-64 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=64 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Gobiesociformes Gobiesocidae Diplecogaster Diplecogaster bimaculata (Bonnaterre, 1788) Havabbor Havâbor Havaborre Labraks Chalico Robalo-legítimo Robalo Bafa (femra) Lapri (levrek i vogël) Lavraku Levreku Birrâq Garous Ghimbâr Gonfar Kaross Karous Karous oroubi Karus Liobarro Loup ﺹﻭﺭﺎﻗ Labrak Lavrak Livazzu Ragnola Draenogyn môr Almindelig bars Bars Havbars Gemeiner Seebarsch Gemeiner Wolfsbarsch Meerbarsch Salmbarsch Seebarsch Seewolf Wolfsbarsch Bass Capemouth Common bass European bass European seabass King of the mullets Sea bass Sea dace Sea perch White mullet White salmon Harilik huntahven Meribassi Bar Bar commun Bar européen Bar franc Bog Brigue Drelique Gutgareo Loubas negre Loubine Loup Loup de mer Loupassou Lubin Luvassu Pigne Lavraq Lavraz Nakod לברק חלק Agač Brancin Levrek Lubin Smudut Smuđut Vartari Baicolo Brancin Branzin Branzino Branzinu Luasi Luassu Loasso Lupu Perchia Persicospigola Pesce lupo Ragnetta Ragno Ragnoi Serra Spain Spaine Sperittu Spigola Spina Spinola Spinole Spinotta Spinula Variolo Vocca janca Hata Lupu Spigola Spina Spnotta Lavrak Lavraki окунь морской Kanjci Kirnje Lubin Smudut Havsabborre Çizgili mercan Levrek Levrek balığı Лаврак Лаврак європейський Окунь морський європейський Сібас Baieta Baila Cherne Lubaro Llop Llubina Lubina Mero Pintat Robaliza Robalo An bhas Brancin Doingean Lavrac Lavraki Lavráki Llobaro Llobarro Llobina Llop Luben Lup de mare Lup-de-mare Zeebaars Λαυράκι Λαυρακόπουλο 狼鱸狼鲈舌齒鱸舌齿鲈 Centropomus lupus Lacepède, 1802 Centropomus mullus Lacepède, 1802 Dicentrarchus elongatus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) Dicentrarchus lupus (Lacepède, 1802) Labrax diacanthus (Bloch, 1792) Labrax elongatus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) Labrax labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) Labrax linnei Malm, 1877 Labrax lupus (Lacepède, 1802) Labrax vulgaris Guérin-Méneville, 1829-38 Morone labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) Perca diacantha (Bloch, 1792) Perca elongata Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817 Perca labrax Linnaeus, 1758 Perca punctata (non Linnaeus, 1758) Perca sinuosa Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817 Roccus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) Sciaena diacantha Bloch, 1792 Sciaena labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) 1990-10-17 2020-10-19 Russell, F.S.0 The eggs and planktonic stages of British marine fishes. 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(www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) Froese, R. and V.A. Parducho0 Global stocks spreadsheet as of December 9, 2022. Excel file from V.A. Parducho, pers. comm. (Ref. 128993) Pita, P. and J. Freire0 Movements of three large coastal predatory fishes in the northeast Atlantic: a preliminary telemetry study. Scientia Marina 75(4):759-770. (Ref. 129380) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) Ali, F.W. and A. Mamoon0 Population genetic studies of genus Dicentrarchus reveal loss of genetic diversity in Egyptian waters. Reg. Stud. Mar. Sci. 31(100783):1-8. (Ref. 131167) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) Ford, M.0 Dicentrarchus labrax. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024: e.T135606A21912674. (Ref. 137883) Ordeix, M. and F. Casals0 Why and when do freshwater fish migrate? Observations of migration patterns of the native fishes from the Iberian Peninsula (SW Europe). Limnetica 43(1):9-28. (Ref. 138297) FB-pic-63-10163 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1993-07-01 1999-01-07 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=63 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Dilab_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Dilab_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-63 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-25 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Rodolfo B. Reyes General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=63 Adults manifest demersal behavior, inhabit coastal waters down to about 100 m depth but more common in shallow waters (Ref. 54221, 57391). Found in the littoral zone on various kinds of bottoms on estuaries, lagoons and occasionally rivers. They enter coastal waters and river mouths in summer, but migrate offshore in colder weather and occur in deep water during winter in the northern range. Young fish form school, but adults appear to be less gregarious (Ref. 9987). Feed chiefly on shrimps and mollusks, also on fishes (Ref. 5990). Juveniles feed on invertebrates, taking increasingly more fish with age. Adults piscivorous . (Ref. 59043). Spawn in batches (Ref. 51846). Spawning takes place in the spring near the British Isles, and earlier in its southern range. Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 35388). Marketed fresh or smoked (Ref. 9987). Highly sought by sport fishermen (Ref. 30578). Smith, C.L. 1990 Moronidae. p. 692-694. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6916) FB-DiagnosticDescr-63 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-02-05 00:00:00 2015-03-19 22:36:35 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=63 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Diagnosis: head with cycloid scales above; mouth moderately protractile (Ref. 231). Vomerine teeth only anteriorly (Ref. 231), in a crescentic band (Ref. 231, 57391). Scales on interorbital space cycloid (Ref. 57391). Posterior edge of opercle finely serrated, lower edge with strong forward- directed denticles (Ref. 231). 2 flat opercular spines (Ref. 231, 57391). Young with some dark spots on upper part of body (Ref. 231).Description: elongate fish with 2 separate dorsal fins and a rather deep caudal peduncle; lower preopercular margin with large, forward-pointing spines; vomerine teeth patch not extending to midline of palate; caudal fin moderately forked; scales small, those on interorbital space cycloid (Ref. 57391).Coloration: back silvery to greyish-blue, sides silvery, belly sometimes tinged with yellow; young individuals may have some black markings, particularly on back but these disappear in adults; a diffuse black spot at upper angle of opercle (Ref. 57391). Fischer, W., M.-L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) 1987 Fiches FAO d'identification des espèces pour les besoins de la pêche. (Révision 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de Pêche 37. FAO, Rome. 1529 p. FB-Morphology-63 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-02-05 00:00:00 2015-03-19 22:36:35 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=63 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Dorsal spines (total): 8 - 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 12 - 13; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 10 - 12 Fischer, W., M.-L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) 1987 Fiches FAO d'identification des espèces pour les besoins de la pêche. (Révision 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de Pêche 37. FAO, Rome. 1529 p. FB-Distribution-63 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2025-09-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=63 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution NE Atlantic Ocean (Morocco to Norway, including the British Isles); the Mediterranean and southern Black Sea basins; occasional records of vagrant individuals from the Baltic Sea and Atlantic coastline of North Africa as far south as Senegal; with recent records suggesting it has invaded the northern Red Sea basin via the Suez Canal. Ford, M. 2024 Dicentrarchus labrax. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024: e.T135606A21912674. (Ref. 137883) FB-Uses-63 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-25 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=63 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) Garibaldi, L. 1996 List of animal species used in aquaculture. FAO Fish. Circ. 914. 38 p. (Ref. 12108) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) Nigrelli, R.F. 1959 Longevity of fishes in captivity, with special reference to those kept in the New York Aquarium. p. 212-230. In G.E.W. Wolstehnolmen and M. O'Connor (eds.) Ciba Foundation Colloquium on Ageing: the life span of animals. Vol. 5., Churchill, London. (Ref. 273) FB-Migration-63 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-25 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=63 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Catadromous. Migrating from freshwater to the sea to spawn, e.g., European eels. Subdivision of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Ordeix, M. and F. Casals 2024 Why and when do freshwater fish migrate? Observations of migration patterns of the native fishes from the Iberian Peninsula (SW Europe). Limnetica 43(1):9-28. (Ref. 138297) FB-LifeCycle-63 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-25 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=63&StockCode=73 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Spawn in groups. Eggs are pelagic. In the Mediterranean, first sexual maturity occurs generally between 2 and 4 years of age while in the Atlantic sexual maturity happens a little later (males between 4-7 years and females between 5-8 years). Spawning happens just once a year and it tends to be in winter, although in southern areas it can occur in spring. Eggs have 1-2 fat drops that fuse about 12 hours after laying. Embryo development lasts about three days at 13-14°C and larval development about 40 days at 19°C. Egg size 1.1-1.5 mm, larval length at hatching 3 mm. Bauchot, M.-L. 1987 Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397) FB-TrophicStrategy-63 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-02-05 00:00:00 2014-04-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public labrax http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Eurythermal. Gregarious when young. Voracious predator. High tolerance to salinity changes. Adults migrate to the estuaries in summer where they spawn in January-June. Young inhabit waters of 0.24-0.37% salinity where they feed mainly on zooplankton (Ref.. 11268). From 3.0 cm TL, diet changes to worms, crustaceans, fish larvae. Adults are strictly carnivorous surviving on small fish (Ref. 11243). Fischer, W., M.-L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) 1987 Fiches FAO d'identification des espèces pour les besoins de la pêche. (Révision 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de Pêche 37. FAO, Rome. 1529 p. FB-Size-63 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-25 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=63 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats 103 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 40637)); max. published weight: 12.0 kg (Ref. 1468); max. reported age: 30 years (Ref. 59043) IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637) Fiedler, K. 1991 Lehrbuch der Speziellen Zoologie. Band II: Wirbeltiere. 2. Teil: Fische. D. Starck (ed.). Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena. 498 p. (Ref. 1468) Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-63-9 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2004-03-10 00:00:00 2004-03-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=63&StockCode=73 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Edwardsiellosis. Bacterial diseases Plumb, J.A. 1999 Edwardsiella Septicaemias. p.479-521. In P.T.K. Woo and D.W. Bruno (eds.) Fish Diseases and Disorders, Vol. 3: Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections. CAB Int'l. (Ref. 48850) FB-Diseases-63-57 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2004-03-01 00:00:00 2004-03-01 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=63&StockCode=73 Epitheliocystis. Bacterial diseases Lannan, C.N., J.L. Batholomew and J.L. Fryer 1999 Chlamydial infections of fish: Epitheliocystis. p.255-267. In P.T.K. Woo and D.W. Bruno (eds.) Fish Diseases and Disorders Vol. 3: Viral, bacterial and fungal infections. CABI Int'l. (Ref. 48851) FB-Diseases-63-59 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-07-27 00:00:00 2005-07-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=63&StockCode=73 Isopoda infestation with Nerocila. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Paperna, I. 1996 Parasites, infections and diseases of fishes in Africa. An update. CIFA Tech. Pap. No. 31. 220 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 45600) FB-Habitat-63 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-25 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=63 demersal; catadromous (Ref. 138297); freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 10 - 100 m (Ref. 9987) Ordeix, M. and F. Casals 2024 Why and when do freshwater fish migrate? Observations of migration patterns of the native fishes from the Iberian Peninsula (SW Europe). Limnetica 43(1):9-28. (Ref. 138297) Frimodt, C. 1995 Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial warmwater fish. Fishing News Books, Osney Mead, Oxford, England. 215 p. (Ref. 9987)