FB-5906 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5906 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Orectolobiformes Hemiscylliidae Hemiscyllium Hemiscyllium ocellatum (Bonnaterre, 1788) قِرش-قُدذ عَيْنِي Žralok epaulette skvrnitý Almindelig epaulethaj Blind shark Epaulette shark Itar shark Silmlaik-huulhai Lyhtytetra Sokkopartahai Requin-chabot ocellé Bamboa ocellada Epaulethaai Okati trsovec 斑点长尾须鲨 斑點長尾鬚鯊 Squalus ocellatus Bonnaterre, 1788 Squalus oculatus Banks & Solander, 1827 1992-06-15 2005-06-17 Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter0 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Compagno, L.J.V.0 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247) Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene0 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Stead, D.G.0 Sharks and rays of Australian seas. Angus and Robertson, Sydney. 211 p. (Ref. 6445) Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens0 Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871) Kailola, P.J.0 The fishes of Papua New Guinea. A revised and annotated checklist. Vol. 1. Myxinidae to Synbranchidae. Research Bulletin No. 41. Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. 194 p. (Ref. 6993) Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley0 Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300) Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen0 Meeresfische der Welt - Groß-Indopazifische Region. Tetra Verlag, Herrenteich, Melle. 528 p. (Ref. 9137) Lieske, E. and R. Myers0 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710) Fritzsch, B. and P. Moller0 A history of electroreception. p. 39-55. In P. Moller (ed.) Electric fishes:history and behavior. Fish and Fisheries Series 17. Chapman & Hall, London. (Ref. 10311) Michael, S.W.0 Reef sharks and rays of the world. A guide to their identification, behavior, and ecology. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California. 107 p. (Ref. 12951) Compagno, L.J.V. and V.H. Niem0 Hemiscylliidae. Longtail carpetsharks. p. 1249-1259. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO identification guide for fishery purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific Vol. 2. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 13575) Heupel, M.R. and M.B. Bennett0 Obsevation on the diet and feeding habits of the epaulette shark, <i>Hemiscyllium ocellatum</i> (Bonnaterre), on Herom Island Reef, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 49(7)753-756. (Ref. 30427) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Cortés, E.0 Standardized diet compositions and trophic levels of sharks. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 56:707-717. (Ref. 33559) Compagno, L.J.V.0 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Compagno, L.J.V.0 Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Vol. 2. Bullhead, mackerel and carpet sharks (Heterodontiformes, Lamniformes and Orectolobiformes). FAO Spec. Cat. Fish. Purp. 1(2):269 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 43278) Bor, P.H.F.0 Nederlandse naamlijst van de recente haaien en roggen (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) van de wereld. World Wide Web electronic publication www.rajidae.tmfweb.nl, version (05/2002). (Ref. 43454) Allen, G.R. and M. Adrim0 Coral reef fishes of Indonesia. Zool. Stud. 42(1):1-72. (Ref. 47567) Hardy, J.D. Jr. (comp.)0 Coral reef fish species. NOAANational Oceanographic Data Center. NODC Coral Reef Data and Information Management System. USA. 537 p. (Ref. 48497) Pratt, H.L. Jr. and J.C. Carrier0 A review of elasmobranch reproductive behavior with a case study on the nurse, <i>Ginglymostoma cirratum</i>. Environ. Biol. Fishes 60(1-3):157-188. (Ref. 49562) Dulvy, N.K. and J.D. Reynolds0 Evolutionary transitions among egg-laying, live-bearing and maternal inputs in sharks and rays. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B: Biol. Sci. 264:1309-1315. (Ref. 50449) West, J.G. and S. Carter0 Observations on the development and growth of the epaulette shark <i>Hemiscyllium ocellatum</i> (Bonnaterra) in captivity. J. Aquaricult. Aquat. Sci. 5(4):111-116. (Ref. 51043) Hanel, L. and J. Novák0 České názvy zivočichů V. Ryby a ryboviti obratlovci (Pisces) 3., maloústí (Gonorhynchiformes) - máloostní (Cypriniformes). Národní muzeum (zoologické oddělení), Praha. (Ref. 51055) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Fox, D.0 Breathless. New Scientist, 8 March 2004:46-49. (Ref. 52022) Baillie, J.E.M., C. Hilton-Taylor and S.N. Stuart0 2004 IUCN red list of threatened species. A global species assessment. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. (Ref. 53964) FAO-FIGIS0 A world overview of species of interest to fisheries. Chapter: Hemiscyllium ocellatum. Retrieved on 10 June 2005, from www.fao.org/figis/servlet/species?fid=12619. 3p. FIGIS Species Fact Sheets. Species Identification and Data Programme-SIDP, FAO-FIGIS (Ref. 54540) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton and G.R. Allen0 Fishes. In Beasley, O.L. and A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 35 Australia: ABRS & CSIRO Publishing, 2178 p. (Ref. 75154) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) Seeto, J. and W.J. Baldwin0 A checklist of the fishes of Fiji and a bibliography of Fijian fish. Division of Marine Studies Technical Report 1/2010. The University of the South Pacific. Suva, Fiji. 102 p. (Ref. 85272) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471) Weigmann, S.0 Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. J. Fish Biol. 88(1):1-201. (Ref. 106604) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) Yopak, K., T.J. Lisney, S.P. Collin and J.C. Montgomery0 Variation in brain organization and cerebellar foliation in Chondrichthyans: sharks and holocephalans. Brain Behav. Evol. 69:280-300. (Ref. 117392) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717) University of Western Australia0 Benthic BRUVS data 2019. Video BRUVS from Jessica Meeuwig. (Ref. 122752) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) FB-pic-5906-3845 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-05-18 2015-01-23 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5906 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Heoce_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Heoce_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-5906 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2005-06-17 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5906 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Commonly found in shallow water of coral reefs (Ref. 6871). Often in tide pools (Ref. 13575). Feeds mainly on benthic invertebrates (Ref. 6871). Oviparous (Ref. 50449). Squirms when captured but cannot readily escape (Ref. 247). Survives well in aquariums (Ref. 6871). Has the ability to survive low oxygen conditions by switching of non-essential brain functions; apparently an adaption for hunting in tide-pools with low oxygen (Ref. 52022). Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247) FB-DiagnosticDescr-5906 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1999-10-29 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5906 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Caudal fin with a pronounced subterminal notch but without a ventral lobe (Ref. 13575). Lateral ocellus not surrounded by large spots; spots present on head in front and below eyes (Ref. 13575). Compagno, L.J.V. and V.H. Niem 1998 Hemiscylliidae. Longtail carpetsharks. p. 1249-1259. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO identification guide for fishery purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific Vol. 2. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 13575) FB-Morphology-5906 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1999-10-29 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5906 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 0; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 0 Compagno, L.J.V. and V.H. Niem 1998 Hemiscylliidae. Longtail carpetsharks. p. 1249-1259. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO identification guide for fishery purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific Vol. 2. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 13575) FB-Distribution-5906 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2019-02-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5906 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Western Pacific: New Guinea and northern Australia. Possibly occurring in Malaysia, Sumatra (Indonesia), and the Solomon Islands. Compagno, L.J.V. and V.H. Niem 1998 Hemiscylliidae. Longtail carpetsharks. p. 1249-1259. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO identification guide for fishery purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific Vol. 2. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 13575) FB-Uses-5906 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2005-06-17 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5906 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases fisheries: of no interest Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens 1994 Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871) FB-LifeCycle-5906 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2005-06-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=5906&StockCode=6215 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Prior to copulation, the male gets a good grasp of the female by by biting the body and even the gills (Ref. 49562, 51043). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-5906 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1999-06-17 00:00:00 2008-07-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public ocellatum http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Also in Ref. 9137. A carnivor (Ref. 9137). Heupel, M.R. and M.B. Bennett 1998 Obsevation on the diet and feeding habits of the epaulette shark, <i>Hemiscyllium ocellatum</i> (Bonnaterre), on Herom Island Reef, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 49(7)753-756. (Ref. 30427) FB-Size-5906 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2005-06-17 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5906 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 107 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 247)) Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-5906 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Kent E. Carpenter 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2005-06-17 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5906 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle reef-associated; marine; depth range 0 - 50 m (Ref. 54540) FAO-FIGIS 2005 A world overview of species of interest to fisheries. Chapter: Hemiscyllium ocellatum. Retrieved on 10 June 2005, from www.fao.org/figis/servlet/species?fid=12619. 3p. FIGIS Species Fact Sheets. Species Identification and Data Programme-SIDP, FAO-FIGIS (Ref. 54540)