FB-5837 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5837 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Perciformes/Serranoidei Epinephelidae Epinephelus Epinephelus spilotoceps Schultz, 1953 Garoupa de quatro selas Foursaddle rockcod Viersaal-klipkabeljou Zackenbarsch Foursaddle grouper Four-saddle grouper Spotty cod senicauca Mérou quatre selles Vieille fond Lokos Yotsugurabata Mur in ae en Kerapu cicak Mero cuatro monturas Asdhaan faana Gaily mwera Macabit 吻斑石斑魚 吻斑石斑鱼 花頭梅 Epinephelus salonotus Smith & Smith, 1963 Epinephelus spiloteceps Schultz, 1953 1992-06-15 2022-02-09 Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter0 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) Myers, R.F.0 Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602) Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith0 The fishes of Seychelles. Rhodes University, Grahamstown. 215 p. (Ref. 1623) Eschmeyer, W.N.0 Catalog of the genera of recent fishes. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA. 697 p. (Ref. 1830) Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene0 Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334) Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall0 Serranidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.). FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (fishing area 51). Rome, FAO. Vol. IV. 241 p. (Ref. 3153) Smith, A. and P. Dalzell0 Fisheries resources and management investigations in Woleai Atoll, Yap State, Federated States of Micronesia. Inshore Fish. Res. Proj., Tech. Doc., South Pacific Commission. Noumea, New Caledonia. 64 p. (Ref. 3807) Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall0 Serranidae. p. 509-537. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4319) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Randall, J.E. and P.C. Heemstra0 Revision of Indo-Pacific groupers (Perciformes: Serranidae: Epinephelinae), with descriptions of five new species. Indo-Pac. Fish. (20):332 p. (Ref. 4787) Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral and A. Massinga0 Fichas FAO de identificaçao de espécies para actividades de pesca. Guia de campo das espécies comerciais marinhas e de águas salobras de Moçambique. Publicaçao preparada em collaboraçao com o Instituto de Investigaçao Pesquiera de Moçambique, com financiamento do Projecto PNUD/FAO MOZ/86/030 e de NORAD. Roma, FAO. 1990. 424 p. (Ref. 5213) Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall0 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) Anonymous0 Computerized catalog of the fish collection. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California. (Ref. 5515) Kailola, P.J.0 The fishes of Papua New Guinea: a revised and annotated checklist. Vol. II Scorpaenidae to Callionymidae. Research Bulletin No. 41, Research Section, Dept. of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Papua New Guinea. (Ref. 6192) Lieske, E. and R. Myers0 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710) Randall, J.E. and C. Anderson0 Annotated checklist of the epipelagic and shore fishes of the Maldives Islands. Ichthyol. Bull. of the J.L.B. Smith Inst. of Ichthyol. (59):1-47. (Ref. 11303) Shao, K.-T.0 A checklist of fishes recorded in Taiwan and their distribution around Taiwan. Unpublished database, version of April 1997. (Ref. 12711) Randall, J.E.0 Randall's tank photos. Collection of 10,000 large-format photos (slides) of dead fishes. Unpublished. (Ref. 28618) Abo, T., B. Bender, A. Capelle and T. DeBrum0 Marshallese English Dictionary. Pail Language Texts. Micronesia. (Ref. 28989) Allen, G.R. and R.C. Steene0 Fishes of Christmas Island Indian Ocean. Christmas Island Natural History Association, Christmas Island, Indian Ocean, 6798, Australia. 197 p. (Ref. 30874) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum (BPBM). Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawai`I, 96817-0916 USA. (Ref. 31667) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Fricke, R.0 Fishes of the Mascarene Islands (Réunion, Mauritius, Rodriguez): an annotated checklist, with descriptions of new species. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, Theses Zoologicae, Vol. 31:759 p. (Ref. 33390) McCormack, G.0 Cook Islands biodiversity and natural heritage database. Sent by Gerald McCormack as RTF document in May 2000 for use in FishBase. (Ref. 34027) Lau, P.P.F. and L.W.H. Li0 Identification guide to fishes in the live seafood trade of the Asia-Pacific region. World Wide Fund for Nature, Hong Kong. 137 p. (Ref. 34166) Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508) Randall, J.E. and K.K.P. Lim (eds.)0 A checklist of the fishes of the South China Sea. Raffles Bull. Zool. Suppl. (8):569-667. (Ref. 36648) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 36670) Myers, R.F.0 Micronesian reef fishes: a comprehensive guide to the coral reef fishes of Micronesia, 3rd revised and expanded edition. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 330 p. (Ref. 37816) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall0 Serranidae. p. 2442-2547. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). Rome, FAO. 2069-2790 p. (Ref. 39231) Allen, G.R.0 Reef fishes of Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. In T. Werner and G. Allen (eds). A rapid biodiversity assessment of the coral reefs of Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. RAP Working Papers 11, Conservation International, Washington, D.C. (Ref. 41464) Dantis, A.L. and P.M. Aliño (comps.)0 Checklist of Philippine reef fishes. p. 208-226. In Aliño, P.M.,E.F.B.Miclat,C.L.Nañola Jr.,H.A.Roa-Quiaoit and R.T.Campos(eds.) Atlas of Philippine coral reefs.Philippine Coral Reef Information (Philreefs). Goodwill Trading Co.,Inc.(Goodwill Bookstore),Quezon City,Philippines. xvi + 264p. (Ref. 45419) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438) Allen, G.R. and M. Adrim0 Coral reef fishes of Indonesia. Zool. Stud. 42(1):1-72. (Ref. 47567) Huang, Z.0 Marine species and their distribution in China's seas. p. 404-463. Vertebrata. Smithsonian Institution, Florida, USA. 598 p. (Ref. 47843) Chen, J.-P., R.-Q. Jan and K.-T. Shao0 Checklist of reef fishes from Taiping Island (Itu Aba Island), Spratly Islands, South China Sea. Pac. Sci. 51(2):143-166. (Ref. 48445) Hardy, J.D. Jr. (comp.)0 Coral reef fish species. NOAANational Oceanographic Data Center. NODC Coral Reef Data and Information Management System. USA. 537 p. (Ref. 48497) Werner, T.B. and G.R. Allen0 A rapid marine biodiversity assessment of the Calamianes Islands, Palawan province, Philippines. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 17. Washington, D.C.:Conservation International. (Ref. 48613) Garpe, K.C. and M.C. Öhman0 Coral and fish distribution patterns in Mafia Island Marine Park, Tanzania: fish-habitat interactions. Hydrobiologia 498:191-211. (Ref. 51015) Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin0 An updated checklist of the marine fish fauna of Reunion Island, south-western Indian Ocean. Cybium 28(3):199-216. (Ref. 53568) Randall, J.E., J.T. Williams, D.G. Smith, M. Kulbicki, G.M. Tham, P. Labrosse, M. Kronen, E. Clua and B.S. Mann0 Checklist of the shore and epipelagic fishes of Tonga. Atoll Res. Bull. Nos. 502. (Ref. 53797) Randall, J.E.0 Reef and shore fishes of the South Pacific. New Caledonia to Tahiti and the Pitcairn Islands. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 720 p. (Ref. 54980) To be filled0 Tubbataha List (Electronic file). Angelique Songco (pers.comm). (Ref. 57038) Pereira, M.A.M.0 Preliminary checklist of reef-associated fishes of Mozambique. Maputo, Ministtry for the Coordination of Environmental Affairs (MICOA). 21 pp. (Ref. 57683) Baissac, J. de B.0 SWIOP/WP/54 - Checklist of the marine fishes of Mauritius. RAF/87/008/WP/54/90 Regional Project for the Development & Management of Fisheries in the Southwest Indian Ocean. (Ref. 58078) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen0 Biodiversity and living resources of the coral reef fishes in Vietnam marine waters. Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi. (Ref. 58534) Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton and G.R. Allen0 Fishes. In Beasley, O.L. and A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 35 Australia: ABRS & CSIRO Publishing, 2178 p. (Ref. 75154) Thaman, R.R., T. Fong and A. Balawa0 Ilava Ni Navakavu: Finfishes of Vanua Navakavu, Viti Levu, Fiji Islands. SPRH-FIO Biodiversity and Ethnobiodiversity Report No. 4, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji Islands. (Ref. 79890) Taquet, M. and A. Diringer0 Poissons de l'Océan Indien et de la mer Rouge. Versailles (France): Éditions Quæ. 527 p. (Ref. 81519) Anderson, C. and A. Hafiz0 Common reef fishes of the Maldives. Part 2. Novelty Printers and Publishers, Male, Republic of Maldives. 85 p. (Ref. 81697) Seeto, J. and W.J. Baldwin0 A checklist of the fishes of Fiji and a bibliography of Fijian fish. Division of Marine Studies Technical Report 1/2010. The University of the South Pacific. Suva, Fiji. 102 p. (Ref. 85272) Fricke, R., M. Kulbicki and L. Wantiez0 Checklist of the fishes of New Caledonia, and their distribution in the Southwest Pacific Ocean (Pisces). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 4:341-463. (Ref. 86942) Rajan, P.T., C.R. Sreeraj and T. Immanuel0 Fish fauna of coral reef, mangrove, freshwater, offshore and seagrass beds of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Zoological Survey of India, Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, Haddo, Port Blair. (Ref. 87596) Irving, R.A., J.J. Jamieson and J.E. Randall0 Initial checklist of fishes from Henderson Island, Pitcairn Group. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 56:329-338. (Ref. 87915) Craig, M.T., YJ. Sadovy de Mitcheson and P.C. Heemstra0 Groupers of the world: a field and market guide. North America: CRC Press/Taylor and Francis Group, xix, 356 p., A47 pages appendix. (Ref. 89707) Taquet, M. and A. Diringer0 Mérous de l'Océan Indien. La Réunion: Azalées Editions. 103 p. (Ref. 89967) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann0 Reef fishes of the East Indies. Perth, Australia: Universitiy of Hawai'i Press, Volumes I-III. Tropical Reef Research. (Ref. 90102) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) Wickel, J., A. Jamon, M. Pinault, P. Durville and P. Chabanet0 Composition et structure des peuplements ichtyologiques marins de l’île de Mayotte (sud-ouest de l’océan Indien). Cybium 38(3):179-203. (Ref. 97629) Donaldson, T.J.0 Fishes of the remote Southwest Palau Islands: a zoogeographic perspective. Pac. Sci. 50(3):285-308. (Ref. 99878) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) SCRFA, Science and Conservation of Fish Aggregations0 SCRFA database. Web online database. https://www.scrfa.org/database/: SCRFA. [2013-onwards]. (Ref. 118580) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann0 Coral reef fishes of Timor-Leste. p. 33-82. In G.R. Allen and M.V. Erdmann (eds). A rapid biological assessment of Timor-Leste. Conservation International. (Ref. 118793) University of Western Australia0 Benthic BRUVS data 2019. Video BRUVS from Jessica Meeuwig. (Ref. 122752) van der Elst, Rudy, Simon Chater and Dennis King0 Fishes from Bassas Da India Atoll in the Mozambique Channel. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 629. (Ref. 124899) Matthews, T., D. Ochavillo, S. Felise, T. Letalie, E. Letuane, E. Schuster, A. Soonaolo, S. Tofaeono, A. Tua and F. Tuilagi0 Length-weight relationships for 71 reef and bottomfish species from Tutuila and Aunu'u, American Samoa. Pacific Islands Fish. Sci. Cent. Admin. Rep. H-19-03, 9 p. (Ref. 125599) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-5837-5796 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-09-23 1996-04-19 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5837 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epspi_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Epspi_u0.gif FB-pic-5837-9622 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-04 2000-11-09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5837 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology outer reef; top: 4.4 SL, 5.6 TL; depth range: 1-1.5 m http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epspi_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epspi_u1.jpg FB-pic-5837-9623 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-04 1999-06-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5837 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epspi_u2.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epspi_u2.jpg FB-pic-5837-9624 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-04 2000-11-09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5837 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epspi_u3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epspi_u3.jpg FB-pic-5837-9625 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-04 1999-06-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5837 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epspi_u4.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epspi_u4.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-5837 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2022-02-09 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5837 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Occurs in lagoon patch reefs, the upper slopes of channels, and reef margins (Ref. 1602). Carnivorous (Ref. 81697). Nothing has been published on its biology. Solitary (Ref 90102). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-DiagnosticDescr-5837 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-14 00:00:00 2013-03-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5837 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Preopercle rounded, with a shallow notch; the serrae are enlarged but covered with skin; upper edge of the operculum almost straight. The head and body mostly covered with close-set dark brown, olive, or reddish brown spots. Those on the dorsolateral parts of the head, body, and on median fins polygonal and close-set, with the interspaces forming a white reticulum. Those on the ventral portions are more rounded, more separated and often more reddish. Three dark blotches are often visible at the base of the dorsal fin and one forming a saddle blotch on the caudal peduncle. These blotches differentiates it from E. merra and E. quoyanus (Ref. 5222). Small conspicuous dark spots on snout and sometimes between or below the eyes (Ref. 37816). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Morphology-5837 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-14 00:00:00 2013-03-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5837 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 14 - 16; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8 Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Distribution-5837 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2012-05-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5837 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Indo-West-Pacific: East coast of Africa to the Line Islands. Except for its occurrence along the African coast (Zanzibar, Tanzania to Ponta Zavora, Mozambique) it seems to be primarily an insular species, occurring at most (probably all) of the islands of tropical Indian and west-central Pacific. Not known from the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Sri Lanka, Philippines, Taiwan, Japan, or Australian waters (however, it is found at Rowley Shoals off Western Australia). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Uses-5837 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2022-02-09 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5837 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) Allen, G.R. and R.C. Steene 1988 Fishes of Christmas Island Indian Ocean. Christmas Island Natural History Association, Christmas Island, Indian Ocean, 6798, Australia. 197 p. (Ref. 30874) FB-TrophicStrategy-5837 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Auda Kareen Ortañez 2007-08-09 00:00:00 2009-09-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public spilotoceps http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Found inshore (Ref. 75154). Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen 2006 Biodiversity and living resources of the coral reef fishes in Vietnam marine waters. Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi. (Ref. 58534) FB-Size-5837 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2022-02-09 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5837 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 47.5 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 125599)); max. published weight: 1,543 g (Ref. 125599) Matthews, T., D. Ochavillo, S. Felise, T. Letalie, E. Letuane, E. Schuster, A. Soonaolo, S. Tofaeono, A. Tua and F. Tuilagi 2019 Length-weight relationships for 71 reef and bottomfish species from Tutuila and Aunu'u, American Samoa. Pacific Islands Fish. Sci. Cent. Admin. Rep. H-19-03, 9 p. (Ref. 125599) Matthews, T., D. Ochavillo, S. Felise, T. Letalie, E. Letuane, E. Schuster, A. Soonaolo, S. Tofaeono, A. Tua and F. Tuilagi 2019 Length-weight relationships for 71 reef and bottomfish species from Tutuila and Aunu'u, American Samoa. Pacific Islands Fish. Sci. Cent. Admin. Rep. H-19-03, 9 p. (Ref. 125599) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-5837 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-06-15 00:00:00 2022-02-09 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5837 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size reef-associated; marine; depth range 0 - 30 m (Ref. 9710) Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710)