FB-5532 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5532 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Eupercaria/misc Sparidae Pachymetopon Pachymetopon grande Günther, 1859 Hotentote bronzeado Bruin hottentot Blå hottentot Blue hottentot Bronze bream Bronze seabream Hottentot bronze Hotentote bronceado 鏽色切齒鯛 锈色切齿鲷 Pachymetopon glaucum Norman, 1935 Pachymetopon guentheri Steindachner, 1869 1992-06-02 2013-07-18 Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith0 Sparidae. p. 580-594. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3198) Bauchot, M.-L. and M.M. Smith0 Sparidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3507) van der Elst, R.0 A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. C. Struik, Cape Town. 367 p. (Ref. 3670) Torres, F.S.B. Jr.0 Tabular data on marine fishes from Southern Africa, Part I. Length-weight relationships. Fishbyte 9(1):50-53. (Ref. 3678) van der Elst, R.P. and F. Adkin (eds.)0 Marine linefish: priority species and research objectives in southern Africa. Oceanogr. Res. Inst., Spec. Publ. No.1. 132 p. (Ref. 4332) Clarke, J.R.0 Aspects of the biology of the musselcracker, <i>Sparodon durbanensis</i>, and the bronze bream, <i>Pachymetopon grande</i>, (Pisces: Sparidae), with notes on the eastern Cape recreational rock-angling and spear fisheries. Rhodes University, Grahamstown. 141 p. M.S. thesis. (Ref. 4357) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral and A. Massinga0 Fichas FAO de identificaçao de espécies para actividades de pesca. Guia de campo das espécies comerciais marinhas e de águas salobras de Moçambique. Publicaçao preparada em collaboraçao com o Instituto de Investigaçao Pesquiera de Moçambique, com financiamento do Projecto PNUD/FAO MOZ/86/030 e de NORAD. Roma, FAO. 1990. 424 p. (Ref. 5213) van der Elst, R.0 A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. (3rd Ed.). Struik Publishers, Cape Town. 398 p. (Ref. 12484) Dudley, S.F.J. and G. Cliff0 Sharks caught in the protective gill nets off Natal, South Africa. 7. The blacktip shark <i>Carcharhinus limbatus</i> (Valenciennes). S. Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 13:237-254. (Ref. 26970) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Gibbons, S.0 Collect fish on stamps. Stanley Gibbons Ltd., London and Ringwood. 418 p. (Ref. 31522) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). 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(Ref. 75549) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) FB-pic-5532-24158 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1999-09-10 2010-08-19 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5532 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Pagra_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Pagra_u1.gif FB-GeneralDescr-5532 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-06-02 00:00:00 2013-07-18 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5532 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Found near rocks in coastal waters. Feeds on ascideans, crustaceans, and algae. Good food fish but not sufficiently abundant to be of commercial significance. Sold fresh. Bauchot, M.-L. and M.M. Smith 1984 Sparidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3507) FB-DiagnosticDescr-5532 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1997-01-28 00:00:00 1997-01-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5532 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Old specimens develop a marked blue budge between the eyes. Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith 1986 Sparidae. p. 580-594. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3198) FB-Morphology-5532 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1997-01-28 00:00:00 1997-01-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5532 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 11; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 10 - 11 Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith 1986 Sparidae. p. 580-594. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3198) FB-Distribution-5532 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-06-02 00:00:00 2025-10-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5532 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Western Indian Ocean: southern Mozambique and Madagascar to Cape of Good Hope in South Africa. Bauchot, M.-L. and M.M. Smith 1984 Sparidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3507) FB-Uses-5532 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-06-02 00:00:00 2013-07-18 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5532 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; bait: usually; price category: very high; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith 1986 Sparidae. p. 580-594. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3198) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith 1986 Sparidae. p. 580-594. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3198) FB-TrophicStrategy-5532 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2000-11-13 00:00:00 2000-11-26 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public grande http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Found near rocks in coastal waters. Feeds on ascideans, crustaceans, and algae. Bauchot, M.-L. and M.M. Smith 1984 Sparidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3507) FB-Size-5532 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-06-02 00:00:00 2013-07-18 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5532 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size 65.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 3198)) Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith 1986 Sparidae. p. 580-594. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3198) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-5532 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-06-02 00:00:00 2013-07-18 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5532 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat demersal; marine