FB-5513 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5513 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Mugiliformes Mugilidae Chelon Chelon tricuspidens (Smith, 1935) Gestreepte harder Stribet sydafrikansk multe Striped mullet 三尖齒異鯔屬 三尖齿异鲻属 叉牙鮻 Heteromugil tricuspidens (Smith, 1935) Liza tricuspidens (Smith, 1935) Mugil tricuspidens Smith, 1935 1992-06-02 2017-08-09 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Thomson, J.M.0 Mugilidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 3. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 2830) van der Elst, R.0 A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. C. Struik, Cape Town. 367 p. (Ref. 3670) Torres, F.S.B. Jr.0 Tabular data on marine fishes from Southern Africa, Part I. Length-weight relationships. Fishbyte 9(1):50-53. (Ref. 3678) Smith, M.M. and J.L.B. Smith0 Mugilidae. p. 714-720. 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(Ref. 31778) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 36670) Harrison, T.D.0 Length-weight relationships of fishes from South African estuaries. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 17(1):46-48. (Ref. 37813) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Riede, K.0 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Blaber, S.J.M.0 The feeding ecology and relative abundance of mullet (Mugilidae) in Natal and Pondoland estuaries. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 9:259-275. (Ref. 56100) Blaber, S.J.M.0 The food and feeding ecology of Mugilidae in the St. Lucia lake systems. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 8:267-277. (Ref. 56548) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Whitfield, A.K.0 Biology and ecology of fishes in southern African estuaries. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, South Africa. 223 p. (Ref. 58350) Marais, J.F.K.0 The nutritional ecology of mullets in the Swartkops estuary. PhD thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, Port Elizabeth. (Ref. 74861) Marais, J.F.K.0 Aspects of food intake, food selection, and alimentary canal morphology of <i>Mugil cephalus</i> (Linnaeus, 1958), <i>Liza tricuspidens</i> (Smith, 1935), <i>L. richardsoni</i> (Smith, 1846), and L. dumerili (Steindachner, 1869). J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 44:193-209. (Ref. 74863) Marais, J.F.K. and T. Erasmus0 Body composition of <i>Mugil cephalus, Liza dumerili, Liza richardsoni</i> and <i>Liza tricuspidens</i> (Teleostei: Mugilidae) caught in the Swartkops Estuary. Aquaculture 10:75-86. (Ref. 74864) van der Elst, R.P. and J.H. Wallace0 Identification of the juvenile mullet of the east coast of South Africa. J. Fish Biol. 9(4):371-374. (Ref. 74906) Wallace, J.H.0 Aspects of the biology and ecology of the estuarine fishes of the east coast of South Africa. Ph.D. thesis, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg. (Ref. 79600) Whitfield, A.K.0 Abundance of larval and 0+ juvenile marine fishes in the lower reaches of three southern African estuaries with differeing freshwater inputs. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 105:257-267. (Ref. 79975) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) Trape, S., I.J. Harrison, P.S. Diouf and J.-D. Durand0 Redescription of <i>Liza bandialensis</i> (Teleostei: Mugilidae) with an identification key to mullet species of eastern central Atlantic. Comptes Rendus Biologies 335(2):120-128. (Ref. 89987) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) Durand, J.-D., K.-N. Shen, W.-J. Chen, B.W. Jamandre, H. Blel, K. Diop, M. Nichio, F.J. Garcia de León, A.K. Whitfield, C-W. Chang and P. Borsa0 Systematics of the grey mullets (Teleostei: Mugiliformes: Mugilidae): Molecular phylogenetic evidence challenges two centuries of morphology-based taxonomy. Mol. Phylogen. Evol. 64:73-92. (Ref. 90274) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) Wickel, J., A. Jamon, M. Pinault, P. Durville and P. Chabanet0 Composition et structure des peuplements ichtyologiques marins de l’île de Mayotte (sud-ouest de l’océan Indien). Cybium 38(3):179-203. (Ref. 97629) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Patzner, R.A.0 Reproductive strategies of fish. pp. 311-350. In Rocha, M.J., A. Arukwe and B.G. Kapoor (eds). Fish reproduction: cytology, biology and ecology. Science Publisher, Inc. Oxford. 631 p. (Ref. 101194) Durand, J.-D. and P. Borsa0 Mitochondrial phylogeny of grey mullets (Acanthopterygii: Mugilidae) suggests high proportion of cryptic species. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 338(4): 266-277. (Ref. 114224) FB-GeneralDescr-5513 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-06-02 00:00:00 2017-08-09 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5513 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Occur mainly in estuaries, congregating over mud-banks (Ref. 2830). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Omnivore (Ref. 97629). Fleshy highly esteemed (Ref. 4393). van der Elst, R. 1981 A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. C. Struik, Cape Town. 367 p. (Ref. 3670) FB-Morphology-5513 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1997-03-01 00:00:00 1997-03-01 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5513 Dorsal spines (total): 5; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 9 Smith, M.M. and J.L.B. Smith 1986 Mugilidae. p. 714-720. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4393) FB-Distribution-5513 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-06-02 00:00:00 2025-03-03 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5513 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Southeast Atlantic: known only from Mossel Bay and the Kosi Estuary in South Africa. Reported from Angola (Ref. 3468) and Mozambique (Ref. 12484). Thomson, J.M. 1984 Mugilidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 3. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 2830) FB-Uses-5513 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-06-02 00:00:00 2017-08-09 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5513 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: medium; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family Thomson, J.M. 1984 Mugilidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 3. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 2830) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) FB-Migration-5513 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-06-02 00:00:00 2017-08-09 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5513 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-TrophicStrategy-5513 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Grace Tolentino Pablico 2008-04-16 19:23:38 2013-11-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public tricuspidens http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Occur mainly in estuaries, congregating over mud-banks (Ref. 2830). Presence of large tricuspid teeth, with sharp cutting edges essential to dislodge and reduce attached diatoms, filamentous algae and pieces of macro-plant detritus in size prior to ingestion (Ref. 74863). Blaber, S.J.M. 1976 The food and feeding ecology of Mugilidae in the St. Lucia lake systems. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 8:267-277. (Ref. 56548) FB-Size-5513 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-06-02 00:00:00 2017-08-09 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5513 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 75.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4393)); max. published weight: 3,110 g (Ref. 4699) Smith, M.M. and J.L.B. Smith 1986 Mugilidae. p. 714-720. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4393) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-5513 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1992-06-02 00:00:00 2017-08-09 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5513 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size pelagic-neritic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); brackish; marine Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)