FB-517 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=517 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Pleuronectiformes Pleuronectidae Atheresthes Atheresthes stomias (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880) Blåkveite Svartkveite Halibut niebieski Alabote Alabote-da-Gronelândia Lleden yr Ynys Las Almindelig hellefisk Hellefisk Schwarzer Heilbutt Black halibut Blue halibut Flatty Greenland halibut Greenland turbot Lesser halibut Mock halibut Newfoundland turbot Turbot Süvalest Helluflundra Svartkalvi Grönlanninpallas Flétan du Groenland Flétan noir לשונון גרינלנדי (פציפי) Grálúða Grálúpa Kaleralik Nat-ah-nuh Natarnak Natarnaq Netarnârak Qaleralik Tikkalik Halibut di Groenlandia Karasugarei Chjornij paltus Chyorniy (sinekoriy) paltus палтус черный Палтус черный (=палтус гренландский) Blåkveite Lilla hälleflundran Liten hälleflundra Mindre hälleflundra Палтус гренландський Палтус чорний Fletán negro Hipogloso negro Platija de Groenlandia Platija negra Grenlandska morska plošča Groenlandse heilbot Halibut negru Qaleralik Thotx Zwarte heilbot 馬舌鰈马舌鲽 Hippoglossus groenlandicus Günther, 1862 Hippoglossus groenlandiensis Günther, 1862 Pleuronectes hippoglossoides Walbaum, 1792 Pleuronectes pinguis Fabricius, 1824 Reinhardtius groenlandicus (Günther, 1862) Reinhardtius hippoglossoides matsuurae Jordan & Snyder, 1901 Reinhardtius matsuurae Jordan & Snyder, 1901 1990-10-17 2024-01-22 Muus, B.J. and P. 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(Ref. 118033) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Haug, T., K. Tormod Nilssen, L. Lindblom and U. Lindstrom0 Diets of hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) in coastal waters and drift ice waters along the east coast of Greenland. Marine Biology Research 3(3):123-133. (Ref. 118373) Vollen, T., O.T. Albert and E.M. Nilssen0 Diet composition and feeding behaviour of juvenile Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) in the Svalbard area. Journal of Sea Research 51(3-4):251-259. (Ref. 118383) Chernova, N.V.0 Catching of Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (Pleuronectidae) on the shelf edge of the Laptev and East Siberian Seas. Journal of ichthyology 57(2):219-227. (Ref. 118396) Gundersen, A.C., K.H. Nedreaas, O.S. Kjesbu and O.T. Albert0 Fecundity and recruitment variability of Northeast Arctic Greenland halibut during 1980-1998, with emphasis on 1996-1998. Journal of Sea Research 44(1-2):45-54. (Ref. 118403) Núñez, L.A.0 Reproductive potential and maturity staging of Greenland Halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides, Walbaum). MS thesis, University of Tromsø, Norway. (Ref. 118406) Gundersen, A.C., J.E. Rønneberg and J. Boje0 Fecundity of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides Walbaum) in East Greenland waters. Fisheries Research 51(2-3):229-236. (Ref. 118412) Cooper, D.W., K.R. Maslenikov and D.R. Gunderson0 Natural mortality rate, annual fecundity, and maturity at length for Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) from the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Fishery Bulletin 105(2):296-304. (Ref. 118413) Rand, K.M. and E.A. Logerwell0 The first demersal trawl survey of benthic fish and invertebrates in the Beaufort Sea since the late 1970s. Polar Biology 34(4):475-488. (Ref. 118441) Froese, R.0 Personal communication. (Table sent by the author). (Ref. 118592) Palomares, M.L.D., R. Froese, B. Derrick, S.-L. Nöel, G. Tsui, J. Woroniak and D. Pauly0 A preliminary global assessment of the status of exploited marine fish and invertebrate populations. A report prepared by the Sea Around Us for OCEANA. The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, p. 64. (Ref. 118628) Froese, R., N. Demirel, G. Coro, K.M. Kleisner and H. Winker0 Estimating fisheries reference points from catch and resilience. Fish and Fisheries 18(3):506-526. (Ref. 120179) Wienerroither R., Johannesen E., Dolgov A., Byrkjedal I., Aglen A., Bjelland O., Drevetnyak K., Eriksen KB., Høines Å., Langhelle G., Langøy H., Murashko P., Prokhorova T., Prozorkevich D., Smirnov O., Wenneck T.0 Atlas of the Barents Sea Fishes based on the winter survey. IMR-PINRO Joint Report Series 2-2013:220 pp. (Ref. 120407) Jørgensen, O.A., C. Hvingel, P.R. Møller and M.A. Treble0 Identification and mapping of bottom fish assemblages in Davis Strait and southern Baffin Bay. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 62:1833-1852. (Ref. 120413) Jørgensen, O.A., C. Hvingel and M.A. Treble0 Identification and mapping of bottom fish assemblages in northern Baffin Bay. J. Northw. Atl. Fish. Sci. 43:65-70. (Ref. 120414) Datsky, A.V. and O.A. Maznikova0 Biological features of common fish species in Olyutorsky-Navarin region and the adjacent areas of the Bering Sea: 3. Righteye flounders (Pleuronectidae). Journal of Ichthyology 57(2):228-256. (Ref. 120459) Durán Muñoz, P., A. Sánchez Bagués, C. González and L. Ramilo0 Spanish bottom trawl autumn survey "Fletán Ártico 2014" in the slope of Svalbard (ICES Division IIb2). Working document presented to the 2015 ICES Arctic Fisheries Working Group (AFWG). International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. (Ref. 120487) Mecklenburg, C.W., I. Byrkjedal, J.S. Christiansen, O.V. Karamushko, A. Lynghammar and P.R. Møller0 List of marine fishes of the Arctic region annotated with common names and zoogeographic characterizations. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna, Akureyri, Iceland. (Ref. 120666) Giraldo, C., A. Stasko, W. Walkusz, A. Majewski, B. Rosenberg, M. Power, H. Swanson and J. D. Reist0 Feeding of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) in the Canadian Beaufort Sea. Journal of Marine Systems 183:32-41. (Ref. 121557) Vedishcheva, E.V., O.A. Maznikova and A.M. Orlov0 New data on the age and growth of Greenland halibut, Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (Pleuronectidae), from the Laptev Sea. Journal of Ichthyology 58(6):845-850. (Ref. 122053) Dolgov, A.V. and A.N. Benzik0 Feeding of Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (Pleuronectidae) in the Kara Sea. Journal of ichthyology 57(3):402-409. (Ref. 122060) Bryan, M.D., S.J. Barbeaux, J. Ianelli, D. Nichol and J. Hoff0 5. Assessment of the Greenland turbot stock in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands. North Pacific Fishery Management Council, Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation Reports. (Ref. 122266) Bryan, M.D., S.J. Barbeaux, J. Ianelli, D. Nichol and J. Hoff0 5. Assessment of Greenland turbot in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands. North Pacific Fishery Management Council, Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation Reports. (Ref. 122286) Sample, T.M. and D.G. Nichol0 Results of the 1990 U.S.-U.S.S.R. cooperative bottom trawl survey of the eastern and northwestern Bering Sea continental shelf. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-AFSC-34, 183 p. (Ref. 122396) Ruiz, J. and E. Mugerza0 Report of the Fletán Ártico 2010 bottom trawl autumn survey in the Slope of Svalbard. [Accesed 10/07/2020]. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/52124483.pdf (Ref. 122397) Ruiz, J. and E. Mugerza0 Report of the Fletán Ártico 2008 October bottom trawl autumn survey in the Slope of Svalbard. [Accessed 10/07/2020]. Retrieved https://fdir.brage.unit.no/fdir-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2356975/080923.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (Ref. 122398) Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe0 Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998) Johannesen, E., H.L. Mork, K. Korsbrekke, R. Wienerroither, E. Eriksen, M. Fossheim, T. de Lange Wenneck, A. Dolgov, T. Prokhorova and D. Prozorkevich0 Arctic fishes in the Barents Sea 2004-2015: changes in abundance and distribution. IMR/PINRO Joint Report Series 1:50p. (Ref. 123022) Higdon, J.W., D.D. Hauser and S.H. Ferguson0 Killer whales (Orcinus orca) in the Canadian Arctic: distribution, prey items, group sizes, and seasonality. Marine Mammal Science 28(2):E93-E109. (Ref. 123555) Golikov, A.V., F.R. Ceia, R.M. Sabirov, Z.I. Zaripova, M.E. Blicher, D.V. Zakharov and J.C. Xavier0 Ontogenetic changes in stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) values in squuid Gonatus fabricii (Cephalopoda) reveal its important ecological role in the Arctic. Marine Ecology Progress Series 606:65-78. (Ref. 123615) Dolgov, A.V.0 Annotated list of fish-like vertebrates and fish of the Kara Sea. J. Ichthyol. 53(11):914-922. (Ref. 124011) Froese, R., N. Demirel, G. Coro and H. Winker0 User Guide for CMSY++. GEOMAR, Germany, 17 p. (Ref. 124174) Paz, X. and P. Expósito0 Spanish bottom trawl autumn survey Fletán Ártico 2013 in the slope of Svalbard area, ICES division Iib. Instituto Español de Oceanografía, 26p. (Ref. 124297) Bakkala, R.G.0 Structure and historical changes in the groundfish complex of the eastern Bering Sea. NOAA Technical Report NMFS 114:91p. (Ref. 124298) Chambers, C.A. and T.A. Dick0 Using Environmental Variables to Predict the Structure of Deep-sea Arctic Fish Communities: Implications for Food Web Construction. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 39:1, 2-8 (Ref. 124449) Andronov, P.Y. and A.V. Dasky0 Structure and Spatial Variation of Bottom Fish Communities of the Northwestern Bering Sea. Journal of Ichthyology, 2014, Vol. 54, No. 10, pp. 808–831. (Ref. 124530) Chernova, N.V. and A.V. Neyelov0 Fish caught in Laptev Sea during the cruise of RV "Polarstern" in 1993. Berichte zu Polarfurschung. 176. 95. p. 222-227. (Ref. 124545) Barbeaux, S.J., J.N. Ianelli, D. Nichol and G.R. Hoff0 Assessment of Greenland Turbot (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands. NPFMC Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands SAFE 2016:895-1014. (Ref. 125479) Ianelli, J.N., T.K. Wilderbuer and D. Nichol0 Assessment of Greenland turbot in the eastern Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands. NPFMC Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands 2007:513-562. (Ref. 125482) Majewski, A.R., S. Atchison, S. MacPhee, J. Eert, A. Niemi, C. Michel and J.D. Reist0 Marine fish community structure and habitat associations on the Canadian Beaufort shelf and slope. Deep-Sea Research Part I 121:169-182. (Ref. 125580) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-2. <https://www.iucnredlist.org/>. Downloaded 10 Jan 2023. (Ref. 126983) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) Siwicke, K.A. and K. Coutré0 Periodic movements of Greenland turbot Reinhardtius hippoglossoides in the eastern Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Fisheries Research 229:105612. (Ref. 129670) Simian, G., D. Abraham, N. Bailly, P. Béarez, F. Urtizberea, A. Perrot, H. Goraguer, R. Langlois, P. Daszkiewicz, F. Teletchea, S. Tercerie and G. Denys0 Checklist of fishes from the Saint-Pierre and Miquelon archipelago. Cybium 46(4):371-384. (Ref. 132183) FB-pic-516-10442 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif Robbie N. Cada 1993-07-01 2008-06-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Image can be freely copied and altered, as long as original author and source are properly acknowledged. WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=516 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Rehip_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Rehip_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-516 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=516 Often caught pelagically (Ref. 4705). Adults prefer bottom temperatures of -0.5°C to 6.0°C (Ref. 5951). Epibenthic (Ref. 58426). Feed on crustaceans, fishes (Ref. 4705, 6885), eelpouts, capelin, redfishes, deep sea prawns and other bottom invertebrates (Ref. 35388). Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). Utilized dried or salted and frozen; can be steamed and fried (Ref. 9988). Size of the Greenland halibut collected from 400-599 m deep in eastern Bering Sea, ranged from 9 to 99 cm FL with a mean of 56 cm (Ref. 55110). Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe 2018 Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998) FB-DiagnosticDescr-516 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-09-28 00:00:00 2012-11-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=516 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Dorsal origin behind posterior edge of upper eye. Caudal slightly forked to truncate. Pectorals small. Hart, J.L. 1973 Pacific fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 180:740 p. (Ref. 6885) FB-Morphology-516 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-09-28 00:00:00 2012-11-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=516 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 83 - 108; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 62 - 79; Vertebrae: 60 - 64 Hart, J.L. 1973 Pacific fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 180:740 p. (Ref. 6885) FB-Distribution-516 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2023-01-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=516 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Circumglobal: In arctic and temperate waters; northern hemisphere. Sea of Japan off Honshu north to Shishmaref, Alaska in the Chukchi Sea, throughout the Aleutian Islands, and southeast to northern Baja California, Mexico. North Atlantic: New Jersey, USA to Spitsbergen (Svalbard Islands) and the Barents Sea south to Ireland. Northwest Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951). Allen, M.J. and G.B. Smith 1988 Atlas and zoogeography of common fishes in the Bering Sea and northeastern Pacific. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 66, 151 p. (Ref. 6793) FB-Uses-516 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=516 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution fisheries: highly commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: medium; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) IGFA 2009 Database of IGFA angling records until 2009. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. FB-Migration-516 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=516 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-LifeCycle-516 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=516&StockCode=532 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Fertilized eggs develop in approximately 50 days. Larvae are pelagic with a maximum size of 8 cm and will drift for about 4 months before settling at about 7 cm on clay-silt subtrates at depths of 300-450 m, after which they metamorphose (Ref. 117245). Bristow, P. 1992 The illustrated encyclopedia of fishes. Chancellor Press, London. 303 p. (Ref. 5504) FB-TrophicStrategy-516 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1995-04-06 00:00:00 2014-02-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public hippoglossoides http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Often caught pelagically (Ref. 4705). Feeds on crustaceans (Ref. 4705, 6885), eelpouts, capelin, redfishes, deep sea prawns and other bottom invertebrates (Ref. 35388). Food also includes Atlantic cod, polar cod, young Greenland halibut, roundnose grenadier, barracudinas, sand lance and cephalopods (Ref. 5951). Greenland halibut Bowering, W.R. and G.R. Lilly 1992 Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) off southern Labrador and northeastern Newfoundland (northwest Atlantic) feed primarily on capelin (Mallotus villosus). Neth. J. Sea Res. 29(1/3):211-222. FB-Size-516 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=516 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat 110 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 80637)); 130 cm TL (female); max. published weight: 7,000 g (Ref. 173); max. published weight: 45 kg; max. reported age: 36 years (Ref. 117245) Orlov, A. and C. Binohlan 2009 Length-weight relationships of deep-sea fishes from the western Bering Sea. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 25:223-227. (Ref. 80637) Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlström 1974 Collins guide to the sea fishes of Britain and North-Western Europe. Collins, London, UK. 244 p. (Ref. 173) Coad, B.W. and J.D. Reist 2018 Marine fishes of Arctic Canada. Toronto (ON, Canada): University of Toronto Press. xiii+618 p. (Ref. 117245) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-516 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=516 benthopelagic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); marine; depth range 1 - 2200 m (Ref. 108960), usually 500 - 1000 m (Ref. 6263) Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Boje, J. and N.R. Hareide 1993 Trial deepwater longline fishery in the Davis Strait, May-June. Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization, Darthmouth, N.S. 6 p. SCR Doc. 93/53. (Ref. 108960) Bowering, W.R. and W.B. Brodie 1991 Distribution of commercial flatfishes in the Newfoundland-Labrador region of the Canadian Northwest Atlantic and changes in certain biological parameters since exploitation. Neth. J. Sea Res. 27(3/4):407-422. (Ref. 6263)