FB-5115 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5115 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Mugiliformes Mugilidae Chelon Chelon dumerili (Steindachner, 1870) Cacandja Tainha sulcada Tainha-estriada Keep-harder Furet multe Brasilian mullet Grooved mullet Groovy mullet Mullet Mulet Mulet bouri Capp Karamant Thiap Lisa acanalada Diabère Ekaramantine Odiabère 杜氏鮻 Liza alosoides Fowler, 1903 Liza dumerili (Steindachner, 1870) Liza dumerilii (Steindachner, 1870) Liza hoefleri (Steindachner, 1882) Liza saliens hoefleri Steindachner, 1882 Mugil auratus (non Risso, 1810) Mugil brasiliensis Agassiz, 1831 Mugil canaliculatus Smith, 1935 Mugil dumerili Steindachner, 1870 Mugil hoefleri Steindachner, 1882 Strializa canaliculatus (Smith, 1935) 1992-02-19 2024-01-23 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Thurston, R.V. and P.C. Gehrke0 Respiratory oxygen requirements of fishes: description of OXYREF, a data file based on test results reported in the published literature. p. 95-108. In R.C. Russo & R.V. Thurston (eds.) Fish Physiology, Toxicology, and Water Quality Management. Proceedings of an International Symposium, Sacramento, California, USA, September 18-19, 1990. US Environmental Protection Agency EPA/600/R-93/157. (Ref. 2120) Marais, J.F.K.0 Routine oxygen consumption of <i>Mugil cephalus</i>, <i>Liza dumerii</i> and <i>L. richardsoni</i> at different temperatures and salinities. Mar. Biol. 50:9-16. (Ref. 2520) Schneider, W.0 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine resources of the Gulf of Guinea. Prepared and published with the support of the FAO Regional Office for Africa. Rome: FAO. 268 p. (Ref. 2683) Thomson, J.M.0 Mugilidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. 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Kapoor (eds). Fish reproduction: cytology, biology and ecology. Science Publisher, Inc. Oxford. 631 p. (Ref. 101194) Durand, J.-D. and P. Borsa0 Mitochondrial phylogeny of grey mullets (Acanthopterygii: Mugilidae) suggests high proportion of cryptic species. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 338(4): 266-277. (Ref. 114224) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Skelton, P.H.0 Chapter 11. The freshwater fishes of Angola. p. 207-242. In B.J. Huntley, V. Russo, F. Lages and N. Ferrand (eds.) Biodiversity of Angola. Science & conservation: a modern synthesis. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Cham, Switzerland. 549 p. (Ref. 120641) Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) Corush, J.B.0 Evolutionary patterns of diadromy in fishes: more than a transitional state between marine and freshwater. BMC Evol. Biol. 19(168):13 p. (Ref. 138280) FB-pic-5115-14627 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1997-05-08 1997-05-09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5115 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Lidum_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Lidum_u1.gif FB-pic-5115-14628 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1997-05-08 2010-08-19 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5115 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Lidum_u2.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Lidum_u2.gif FB-GeneralDescr-5115 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-02-19 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5115 Adults inhabit shallow coastal waters (Ref. 27121), including estuaries (Ref. 2683, 57400, 81659), lagoons (Ref. 57400), tidal rivers (Ref. 3573), freshwater and supersaline environments (Ref. 81659). They feed on plankton and detritus (Ref. 28587). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). They show a remarkable adaptation to hyperhaline environments (up to 97‰ in the Sine Saloum in Senegal)(Ref. 57400). Specimens from tropical East Atlantic reaching maximum of 280 mm SL and common to 180 mm SL (Ref. 81659). Thomson, J.M. 1990 Mugilidae. p. 855-859. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7399) FB-DiagnosticDescr-5115 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1997-03-01 00:00:00 2017-10-31 23:19:11 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5115 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Diagnosis: 8-9 anal soft rays; anal fin and lower lobe of caudal fin whitish or greyish (Ref. 57400). Body with ctenoid scales except for anterior predorsal scales which are cycloid and extend to anterior nostril or slightly beyond (Ref. 81659). Scales numerous (Ref. 57400), not large, 33-41 in a longitudinal series (excluding scales on caudal fin base), 11-14 scale rows between pelvic and first dorsal fin (Ref. 81659). 5-8 mucous canals on scales in front of 1st dorsal fin (only 1, less often 2 or 3, in other Liza species (Ref. 57400). Posterior end of maxilla sigmoid, curved down over premaxilla; serrate, anteroventral edge of lachrymal distinctly concave; pharyngobranchial organ with 1-2 valves, anteroventral valve a moderate size, semi-lunate flap, posterior valve usually vestigial, as a small nodule or, at most, a low papillate fold, and may be absent (Ref. 81659).Description: body rather elongate (Ref. 57400, 81659), rather slender, reaching its greatest depth at level of 1st dorsal-fin origin (Ref. 57400). Head large; interorbital space almost flat; no adipose eyelid (Ref. 57400). Snout more or less pointed (Ref. 81659). Upper lip thin, not ornamented (Ref. 57400). Upper lip with outer row of close-set teeth, with slightly flattened, blunt unicuspid tips (Ref. 81659). 1-3 inner rows of teeth may be present (Ref. 57400, 81659), usually one row, sometimes no inner rows visible (Ref. 81659). Inner rows well separated from outer row, and teeth may be bicuspid and usually smaller and more widely spaced than outer row teeth; lower lip usually without teeth, rarely, outer margin of lip with sparse, minute ciliiform teeth; angle of mouth at dentary symphysis 90° or more, but usually less obtuse than in L. grandisquamis and L. falcipinnis (Ref. 81659). Hind end of upper jaw reaching a vertical line passing between posterior nostril and anterior eye margin; maxillary partially visible below corner of mouth when closed (Ref. 57400). In specimens >30 mm SL, some scales may have several radial grooves: 1-14 grooves on predorsal scales, 1-6 on interdorsal scales, 1-4 on scales of dorsal and ventral parts of caudal peduncle, 1-5 on opercular and infraorbital scales, and 1-2 on some scales on ventral parts of body; scales on lateral parts of flanks usually with one groove (Ref. 81659). Origin of 1st dorsal fin equidistant from snout tip and caudal-fin base (Ref. 57400). Second dorsal fin with 9 segmented rays (Ref. 81659). Anal fin with 3 spines (Ref. 81659) and 9 (rarely 8) segmented rays (Ref. 57400) in adults (1st spine very short and usually hidden by overlying scales)(Ref. 81659). Anal fin usually with 2 spines and 10 segmented rays in juveniles Albaret, J - J. 2003 Mugilidae. p. 601-611 In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douce et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Tome 2. Coll. Faune et Flore tropicales 40. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, Museum National d'Histoire Naturalle, Paris, France and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France. 815 p. (Ref. 57400) FB-Morphology-5115 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1997-03-01 00:00:00 2017-10-31 23:19:11 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5115 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Dorsal spines (total): 5; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8 - 9; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8 - 9 Albaret, J - J. 2003 Mugilidae. p. 601-611 In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douce et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Tome 2. Coll. Faune et Flore tropicales 40. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, Museum National d'Histoire Naturalle, Paris, France and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France. 815 p. (Ref. 57400) FB-Distribution-5115 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-02-19 00:00:00 2025-03-03 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5115 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Eastern Atlantic: Mauritania to South Africa (Ref. 3573, 57400). Western Indian Ocean: Delagoa Bay, Mozambique to Mossel Bay, South Africa (Ref. 81659). Thomson, J.M. 1986 Mugilidae. p. 344-349. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels, MRAC; Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3573) FB-Uses-5115 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-02-19 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5115 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution fisheries: commercial Schneider, W. 1990 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine resources of the Gulf of Guinea. Prepared and published with the support of the FAO Regional Office for Africa. Rome: FAO. 268 p. (Ref. 2683) FB-Migration-5115 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-02-19 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5115 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Catadromous. Migrating from freshwater to the sea to spawn, e.g., European eels. Subdivision of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Corush, J.B. 2019 Evolutionary patterns of diadromy in fishes: more than a transitional state between marine and freshwater. BMC Evol. Biol. 19(168):13 p. (Ref. 138280) FB-TrophicStrategy-5115 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1999-09-22 00:00:00 2008-06-26 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public dumerili http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Inhabit shallow coastal waters (Ref. 27121), including estuaries (Ref. 2683) and tidal rivers (Ref. 3573). Feed on plankton and detritus (Ref. 28587). The blunt and relatively small teeth are ideally suited to ingest relatively coarse sandy substrate (Ref. 74863). Changes in the feeding habits from planktonic organisms and migratory zooplankton to meiobenthos which takes place between 0.1 and 0.2 cm length, and a switch from meiobenthos to microbenthos between 0.15 and 0.25 cm length (Ref. 56101). Bianchi, G., K.E. Carpenter, J.-P. Roux, F.J. Molloy, D. Boyer and H.J. Boyer 1999 FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. Field guide to the living marine resources of Namibia. FAO, Rome. 265p. (Ref. 27121) FB-Size-5115 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-02-19 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5115 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats 40.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4393)) Smith, M.M. and J.L.B. Smith 1986 Mugilidae. p. 714-720. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4393) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-5115 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-02-19 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5115 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription demersal; catadromous (Ref. 138280); freshwater; brackish; marine Corush, J.B. 2019 Evolutionary patterns of diadromy in fishes: more than a transitional state between marine and freshwater. BMC Evol. Biol. 19(168):13 p. (Ref. 138280)