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<taxon>
	<dc:identifier>FB-4885</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4885</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Siluriformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Heteropneustidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Heteropneustes</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='or'>Singhi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fa'>Dood</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fa'>Dudeh</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fa'>Eshlambo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='as'>Sheenee</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='as'>Singee</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='bn'>Kanos</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='bn'>Shing</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='bn'>Shingi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='bn'>Singee</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='bn'>Singhi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='my'>Nga-khoo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='my'>Nga gyee</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='my'>Nga-gyi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='da'>Gællesæk-ålemalle</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Fadensackwels</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Kiemensackwels</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Speichenwels</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Stinging catfish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Harilik kottsäga</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fi'>Keuhkomonni</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='gu'>Singhi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='hi'>Bitchu</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='hi'>Kamacha-singhi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='hi'>Singhi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='hi'>सिंधइ</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='kn'>Chaelu</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='kn'>Kappathede</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='kn'>Kappershode</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='kn'>Seruva</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='kn'>Sinimeen</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Khasinghi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ml'>Kaari</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ml'>Kadu</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ml'>Kaduku meen</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ml'>Kahree-meen</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ml'>Kahrimeen</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ml'>Kari</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ml'>Moyya</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ml'>കരിമീന് </commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ml'>കരിമീന്  </commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ml'>കാരി</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ml'>തെയിലി </commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='mr'>Bitchuka-machi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='mr'>Shingi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='mr'>बितचुका माछी</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ne'>Singhi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ne'>िसंघी</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ru'>Meshkozhabernyi som</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ru'>Сом мешкожаберный</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ru'>сом мешкожаберный</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='sv'>Lungmal</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>Thailimeen</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>Thaylee</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>Thelee</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>தாளீ </commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ta'>தேளீ</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='te'>Ingilayee</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='te'>Mapujella</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='te'>Marpulu</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='te'>మాపుజెల్ల </commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='te'>మారపు </commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ur'>Lahoord</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ur'>Lohar</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ur'>Nullie</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Hunga</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Lahoord</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Ngachik</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Noorie</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Nullie</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Trey andaing toun pouk mawth bun</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>گربه ماهي نيش زن</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>گربه ماهي هندي</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>ਨੂਰੀ</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>印度囊鰓鯰</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>印度囊鳃鲶</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Clarisilurus kemratensis (non Fowler, 1937)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Heteropneustes microps (non Günther, 1864)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Saccobranchus fossilis (Bloch, 1794)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Saccobranchus microcephalus Günther, 1864</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Saccobranchus microps (non Günther, 1864)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Saccobranchus singio (Hamilton, 1822)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Silurus biserratus Swainson, 1839</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Silurus fossilis Bloch, 1794</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Silurus laticeps Swainson, 1838</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Silurus singio Hamilton, 1822</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1992-01-22</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2021-09-22</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:description>Asia:  Pakistan and Sri Lanka to Myanmar. Introduced elsewhare.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='955-9114-25-5(hdb.).' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=43281&amp;speccode=4885'>Kottelat, M. 2001 Fishes of Laos. WHT Publications Ltd., Colombo 5, Sri Lanka. 198 p. (Ref. 43281)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial; aquarium: commercial</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4833&amp;speccode=4885'>Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran 1991 Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. Volume 2. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, i-xxii + 543-1158, 1 pl. (Ref. 4833)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-913235-53-9' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4537&amp;speccode=4885'>Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6028&amp;speccode=4885'>Pethiyagoda, R. 1991 Freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka. The Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, Colombo. 362 p. (Ref. 6028)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1992-01-22 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:description>Eggs are deposited in a depression usually excavated by both parents in mud, in shallow water. Parents guard the eggs and young until they can fend for themselves which lasts for about one month (Ref. 6028).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6028&amp;speccode=4885'>Pethiyagoda, R. 1991 Freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka. The Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, Colombo. 362 p. (Ref. 6028)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Arlene G. Sampang-Reyes</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2000-10-09 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:source>fossilis</dc:source>
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	<dc:description>Found mainly in ponds, ditches, swamps and marshes, but sometimes occurs in muddy rivers.  Recorded as having been or being farmed in rice fields (Ref. 119549). Can tolerate slightly brackish water.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='92-5-103743-4.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12693&amp;speccode=4885'>Rainboth, W.J. 1996 Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong. FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes.  FAO, Rome, 265 p. (Ref. 12693)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
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	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>41.2 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 125280)); max. published weight: 400 g (Ref. 125280)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=125280&amp;speccode=4885'>Renjithkumar, C.R., K. Roshni and K. Ranjeet 2021 Length-weight relations of 14 fish species (Actinopterygii) from the Chalakudy River, Western Ghats, India. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 51(3):263-265. (Ref. 125280)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=125280&amp;speccode=4885'>Renjithkumar, C.R., K. Roshni and K. Ranjeet 2021 Length-weight relations of 14 fish species (Actinopterygii) from the Chalakudy River, Western Ghats, India. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 51(3):263-265. (Ref. 125280)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
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	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Allan Palacio</agent>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>Allocreadium Infestation 1. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='9251048541' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=42533&amp;speccode=4885'>Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Allocreadium Infestation 7. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='9251048541' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=42533&amp;speccode=4885'>Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Aphallus Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='9251048541' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=42533&amp;speccode=4885'>Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Ascaridia Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='9251048541' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=42533&amp;speccode=4885'>Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Clinostomum Infestation (metacercaria). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)</dc:description>
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	<dc:description>Contracaecum Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)</dc:description>
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