FB-4816 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4816 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Mugiliformes Mugilidae Planiliza Planiliza macrolepis (Smith, 1846) Liza wielkoluska Tainha godé Grootskub-harder Anubah Araby Asfatiya Biah sefeti Beyah Biyah Gawafa Gutarana Hararan Bingyi Gyalwe Kabalu Banak Gisaw Sydafrikansk storskællet multe Berneo-mullet Big scale liza Borneo mullet Grey Mullet Large scale mullet Largescale mullet Largescale Mullet Large-scale mullet Large-scaled mullet Mullet bui leka Mulet à grandes écailles Mulet lunette Mulet rond Gusaw Ko-bora コボラ Majni Madathale Pare ಪಾರೆ   ಮಜ್ನಿ  ಮದಥಾಲೆ  ಮದಥಾಲೆ   Kanbo Kanambu Mallan Thirutha കണന്പ്  കണന്വ് കന്പോ  മല്ലന് മല്ലന്  തിരുത പുള്ളി കണന്വ് Belanak besar Belanak sisik besar Loban Polosataya kefal' Asae Caanood Mkizi Avelemeen Avulimeen Cheluvakandai Chiryakandai Gejameenakendai Madavai Madavakandai Manalai Velisa செலுவ கென்டை செலுவகெண்டை வெளிசா அவீலீ மீன் அவீலீமீன் அவிலி மீன் அவுளி மீன் கெஜமீன் கெண்டை  கெஜமீனக் கென்‍டை சீறீய கெண்டை  சிரிய கென்டை மடவை மடவைக் கென்‍டை மனலை  மாதவீ  மாவா கெண்டை  மாவா கெண்டை   வெளீசா  வெளீசா   Bonthaparigi Dingliah Koniga Surada కొనిగ కొనిగ  దింగ్లియ దింగ్లియ  బొంతపరిగి  సురాడ   Aguas Banak Talilong Cá Đối vảy to Lisa godeya Balanak Kampango Kana rath godeya Khôlap Kiri godeya Kônuu Kôrômii Kûrûmîî Lisas Lul-luran Panu godeya Vali godeya Yaiuw Yaiuwach Yaiuwetang Yabi Yayúw Zompona 大鱗鮻 大鳞鮻 赤目鮻 Chelon macrolepis (Smith, 1846) Liza akame Tanaka, 1916 Liza alata (non Steindachner, 1892) Liza macrolepis (Smith, 1846) Liza melinoptera (non Valenciennes, 1836) Liza parsia (non Hamilton, 1822) Liza parva Oshima, 1922 Liza pescadorensis Oshima, 1922 Liza subviridis (non Valenciennes, 1836) Liza troscheli (Bleeker, 1858) Liza troschelli (Bleeker, 1858) Mugil adustus Bleeker, 1854 Mugil borneensis Bleeker, 1851 Mugil macrolepis Smith, 1846 Mugil pescadorensis (Oshima, 1922) Mugil poecilus Day, 1865 Mugil poicilus Day, 1865 Mugil rodericensis Günther, 1876 Mugil smithii Günther, 1861 Mugil troscheli Bleeker, 1858 Mugil troschelii Bleeker, 1858 Mugil troschellii Bleeker, 1858 1991-12-18 2024-01-23 Breder, C.M. and D.E. 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(Ref. 137577) FB-pic-4816-12019 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-09-27 1997-04-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4816 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Limac_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Limac_u1.gif FB-pic-4816-23225 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-06-17 2000-07-07 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4816 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Limac_u2.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Limac_u2.jpg FB-pic-4816-23226 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-06-17 2000-07-07 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4816 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats market Locality: Dumaguete, Negros, Philippines. http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Limac_u3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Limac_u3.jpg Locality: Dumaguete, Negros, Philippines. FB-pic-4816-23227 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-06-17 2000-09-04 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4816 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Limac_u4.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Limac_u4.jpg Locality: Port Sudan, Red Sea, Sudan (North). FB-pic-4816-23228 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-06-17 2000-07-07 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4816 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Limac_u5.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Limac_u5.jpg FB-pic-4816-23229 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-06-17 2020-01-08 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4816 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Limac_u6.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Limac_u6.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-4816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-12-18 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4816 Occur in shallow coastal waters, and from brackish water to freshwater regions of rivers (Ref. 41299). Form schools (Ref. 40448); in larger aggregations during spawning, which takes place at sea (Ref. 2830). Feed on small algae, diatoms, forams, benthic polychaetes, crustaceans, mollusks, organic matter and detritus; fry feed on copepods and floating algae (Ref. 40448). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Caught mainly during the spawning season and is sold fresh; the roe is highly appreciated. Nakabo, T. 2002 Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, English edition I. Tokai University Press, Japan, pp v-866. (Ref. 41299) FB-DiagnosticDescr-4816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1993-02-10 00:00:00 2023-12-01 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4816 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Description: No adipose eyelids; upper jaw, maxilla, exposed when mouth shut (Ref. 52193). Dorsal fin with 5 spines and 8 soft rays; anal fin with 3 spines and 9 soft rays; origin of anal fin in advance of origin of second dorsal fin (Ref. 52193). Scales in lateral series 33-35 (Ref. 52193). With rudimentary axillary scale (Ref. 9812).Colouration: Greenish-grey dorsally; flanks and abdomen silvery; fins grey or bluish with dusky margins and may appear yellowish at base (Ref. 9812). Pectoral fin with golden base, and perhaps a dark spot (Ref. 9812). Eccles, D.H. 1992 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the freshwater fishes of Tanzania. Prepared and published with the support of the United Nations Development Programme (project URT/87/016). FAO, Rome. 145 p. (Ref. 4967) FB-Morphology-4816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1993-02-10 00:00:00 2023-12-01 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4816 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Dorsal spines (total): 4 - 5; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8 - 9; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8 - 10 Eccles, D.H. 1992 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the freshwater fishes of Tanzania. Prepared and published with the support of the United Nations Development Programme (project URT/87/016). FAO, Rome. 145 p. (Ref. 4967) FB-Distribution-4816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-12-17 00:00:00 2025-03-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4816 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Indo-Pacific: east coast of Africa, south to Eastern Cape in South Africa (Ref. 52193), including Madagascar, Seychelles, Rodriguez; north to Sri Lanka and India (except Bay of Bengal), Andaman and Nicobar Islands, east to Indonesia, China, the Philippines, Japan, Marshall and Tuamoto islands, Melanesia and Polynesia (Ref. 2830). Distribution includes the Red Sea (Ref. 84159) and Persian Gulf (Ref. 66734). Thomson, J.M. 1986 Mugilidae. p. 344-349. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels, MRAC; Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3573) FB-Uses-4816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-12-18 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4816 fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes Harrison, I.J. and H. Senou 1997 Order Mugiliformes. Mugilidae. Mullets. p. 2069-2108. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9812) Liao, C.-I., H.-M. Su and E.Y. Chang 2001 Techniques in finfish larviculture in Taiwan. Aquaculture 200(2001):1-31. (Ref. 40297) Skelton, P.H. 1993 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Southern Book Publishers. 388 p. (Ref. 7248) FB-Migration-4816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-12-18 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4816 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Catadromous. Migrating from freshwater to the sea to spawn, e.g., European eels. Subdivision of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. McDowall, R.M. 1997 The evolution of diadromy in fishes (revisited) and its place in phylogenetic analysis. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 7(4):443-462. (Ref. 46888) FB-TrophicStrategy-4816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1999-06-10 00:00:00 2024-01-25 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public macrolepis http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Inhabits coral reefs (Ref. 58534). Occur in shallow coastal waters and from brackish to freshwater regions of rivers (Refs. 41299, 9773). Juveniles and/or adults are found in mangrove creeks, inlets and intertidal mud flats (Refs. 121464, 9773). Form schools (Ref. 40448); in larger aggregations during spawning, which takes place at sea (Ref. 3468). Feed on small algae, diatoms, forams, benthic polychaetes, crustaceans, mollusks, organic matter and detritus (Also Ref. 9773); fry feed on copepods and floating algae (Ref. 40448). Changes in the feeding habits from planktonic organisms and migratory zooplankton to meiobenthos which takes place between 0.1 and 0.2 cm length, and a switch from meiobenthos to microbenthos between 0.15 and 0.25 cm length (Ref. 56101). Gill-raker filaments were found in the stomach captured using gill net. Mullets struggle to be free of the constricting meshes, food is often regurgitated at an early stage, gasping of oxygen would then easily cause gill-rakers, broken loose in the struggle, to be swalowed (Ref. 74739). Lin, H.-J., K.-T. Shao, S.-R. Kuo, H.-L. Hsieh, S.-L. Wong, I.-M. Chen, W.-T. Lo and J.-J. Hung 1999 A trophic model of a sandy barrier lagoon at Chiku in southwestern Taiwan. Estuar.Coast. Shelf Sci. 48(5):575-588. (Ref. 30463) FB-Size-4816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-12-18 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4816 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat 60.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4967)); max. reported age: 6 years (Ref. 127264) Eccles, D.H. 1992 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the freshwater fishes of Tanzania. Prepared and published with the support of the United Nations Development Programme (project URT/87/016). FAO, Rome. 145 p. (Ref. 4967) Masood, Z., N. Rafique, W. Razzaq, F. Iqbal, M. Khawar, S. Saifullah and N. Bano 2015 Age frequency distribution of four mugilid species of the Family Mugilidae from Karachi coast of Pakistan. Middle-East J. Sci. Res. 23(7):1286-1292. (Ref. 127264) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-4816 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-12-18 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4816 demersal; catadromous (Ref. 46888); freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 10 - ? m (Ref. 40448) McDowall, R.M. 1997 The evolution of diadromy in fishes (revisited) and its place in phylogenetic analysis. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 7(4):443-462. (Ref. 46888) Iwamoto, T. 1999 Order: Gadiformes. Macrouridae (sometimes Coryphaenoididae, Bathygadidae, Macrourididae, Trachyrincidae, in part, in literature). p. 1986-1992. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the WCP. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 40448)